ChemicalBook > CAS DataBase List > 2-Methylbutane

2-Methylbutane

Product Name
2-Methylbutane
CAS No.
78-78-4
Chemical Name
2-Methylbutane
Synonyms
ISOPENTANE;Isopentan;methylbutane;3-Methylbutane;JJDW;R 601A;iso-C5H12;iso-Pentan;NSC 119476;2Methylbutan
CBNumber
CB5854378
Molecular Formula
C5H12
Formula Weight
72.15
MOL File
78-78-4.mol
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2-Methylbutane Property

Melting point:
-160 °C
Boiling point:
30 °C(lit.)
Density 
0.62 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 
2.6 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
11.17 psi ( 20 °C)
refractive index 
n20/D 1.354(lit.)
Flash point:
−51 °C
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
0.048g/l
form 
Liquid
pka
>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
color 
Clear colorless
Odor
gasoline-like odor
Odor Threshold
1.3ppm
explosive limit
1.3-7.6%(V)
Water Solubility 
Miscible with water, hydrocarbons, oils, alcohol and ether.
λmax
λ: 192 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 210 nm Amax: 0.30
λ: 220 nm Amax: 0.07
λ: 240-400 nm Amax: 0.01
BRN 
1730723
Henry's Law Constant
(atm?m3/mol): 1.24 at 25 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits
ACGIH TLV: TWA 600 ppm (adopted).
Dielectric constant
1.8（20℃）
Stability:
Stable. Extremely flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Vapour-air mixtures explosive in certain proportions. Incompatible with rubber, various plastics. The vapour, being heavier than air, may roll over surfaces and collect in low points. Note low flash point.
LogP
3.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference
78-78-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Butane, 2-methyl-(78-78-4)
EPA Substance Registry System
2-Methylbutane (78-78-4)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
F+,Xn,N
Risk Statements 
12-51/53-65-66-67
Safety Statements 
9-16-29-33-61-62
RIDADR 
UN 1265 3/PG 1
OEB
A
OEL
TWA: 120.0 ppm; 350.0 mg/m3, STEL: 610.0 ppm; 1800.0 mg/m3
WGK Germany 
2
RTECS 
EK4430000
Autoignition Temperature
788 °F
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
3
PackingGroup 
I
HS Code 
29011000
Hazardous Substances Data
78-78-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H224Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness

H411Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P233Keep container tightly closed.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P331Do NOT induce vomiting.

P403+P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
MX0760
Product name
2-Methylbutane
Purity
Practical
Packaging
4L
Price
$265
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
270342
Product name
2-Methylbutane
Purity
for HPLC, ≥99.5%
Packaging
1l
Price
$249
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
270342
Product name
2-Methylbutane
Purity
for HPLC, ≥99.5%
Packaging
6x1l
Price
$1230
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.06056
Product name
2-Methylbutane
Purity
for spectroscopy Uvasol?
Packaging
1L
Price
$294
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
M0167
Product name
2-Methylbutane
Packaging
25ML
Price
$23
Updated
2024/03/01
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2-Methylbutane Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

2-Methylbutane (isopentane), C5H12, is a flammable liquid and exhibits physical properties very similar to those of pentane. It has been detected in urban air.

2-Methylbutane is an alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a higher BP than butane because, although similarly branched, it has a higher MW. A useful analogy for comparing molecules with the same size of longest chain is that of cylindrical-shaped molecules. It has a role as a refrigerant. Biological samples flash frozen for example with a combination of liquid nitrogen and methylbutane can then be used for storage, cryosection, etc.

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, watery, very flammable liquid with a pleasant odor. Evaporates quickly when spilled. An odor threshold concentration of 1.3 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Uses

Isopentane is an organic, branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. 2-Methylbutane undergoes catalytic dehydrogenation in the presence of chromia-alumina catalyst to form isoamylenes, which can undergo further dehydrogenation to form isoprene. It may also be used as a solvent in the preparation of trans-Bis(triethylphosphine) (hydroxy carbonyl) (phenyl) platinum(II), a metallacarboxylic acid.

Uses

2-Methylbutane is used as a chemical intermediate. It acts as a blowing agent for polystyrene and gasoline additive. It is used as a solvent of polyethylene and involved in the preparation of polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Further, it is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to operate turbines. In addition to this, it is used to freeze biological samples like tissues in place of dry ice for cryosectioning in histology.

Preparation

2-Methylbutane was synthesized by liquid-phase catalytic isomerization at 95°C using pentane as raw material.

Production Methods

Isopentane is produced by fractional distillation of natural gas liquids and crude oil.

Definition

ChEBI: 2-methylbutane is an alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a refrigerant.

General Description

Watery colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. Floats on water. Flammable, irritating vapor is produced. Boiling point is 82°F.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

2-Methylbutane is a fire and explosion hazard when in contact with oxidizing agents. .

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes irritation of respiratory tract, cough, mild depression, irregular heartbeat. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema; excitement followed by depression. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, swelling of abdomen, headache, depression.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: Highly volatile liquid. Vapors may explode when mixed with air.

Flammability and Explosibility

Extremely flammable

Safety Profile

Mddly toxic and narcotic by inhalation. See also PENTANE. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidzers. Keep away from sparks, heat, or open flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Source

A constituent in gasoline. Harley et al. (2000) analyzed the headspace vapors of three grades of unleaded gasoline where ethanol was added to replace methyl tert-butyl ether. The gasoline vapor concentrations of 2-methylbutane in the headspace were 24.1 wt % for regular grade, 24.8 wt % for mid-grade, and 26.0 wt % for premium grade.
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of 2-methylbutane was 5.6 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of 2-methylbutane were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained 2-methylbutane at a concentration of 79.2g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 3.69 and 148 μg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).

Environmental Fate

Photolytic. When synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous acid and 2-methylbutane was exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm), acetone, acetaldehyde, methyl nitrate, peroxy-acetal nitrate, propyl nitrate, and pentyl nitrate were formed (Cox et al., 1980).
Based upon a photooxidation rate constant of 3.90 x 10-12 cm3/molecule?sec with OH radicals in summer daylight, the atmospheric lifetime is 36 h (Altshuller, 1991). At atmospheric pressure and 300 K, Darnall et al. (1978) reported a rate constant of 3.78 x 10-12 cm3/molecule?sec for the same reaction.
Cox et al. (1980) reported a rate constant of 5.0 x 10-11 cm3/molecule?sec for the reaction of gaseous 2-methylbutane with OH radicals based on a value of 8 x 10-12 cm3/molecule?sec for the reaction of ethylene with OH radicals.
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air produces carbon dioxide and water vapor.
2-Methylbutane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group.

Purification Methods

Stir isopentane for several hours in the cold with conc H2SO4 (to remove olefinic impurities), then wash it with H2O, aqueous Na2CO3 and H2O again. Dry it with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it using a Todd column packed with glass helices. Material transparent down to 180nm is obtained by distilling from sodium wire, and passing through a column of silica gel which had previously been dried in place at 350o for 12hours before use. [Potts J Phys Chem 20 809 1952, Beilstein 1 IV 320.]

2-Methylbutane Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Silica gel Naphthalene Sodium Pentane Dehydrolyzing agent

Preparation Products

Amobarbital Cyclopentane Isoprene
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2-Methylbutane Suppliers

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View Lastest Price from 2-Methylbutane manufacturers

Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Product
2-Methylbutane 78-78-4
Price
US $10.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
100 mt
Release date
2024-11-13
Wuhan Quanjinci New Material Co.,Ltd.
Product
2-Methylbutane 78-78-4
Price
US $23.00/L
Min. Order
1L
Purity
0.99
Supply Ability
3000000tons
Release date
2023-11-29
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Product
2-Methylbutane 78-78-4
Price
US $0.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
50000KG/month
Release date
2023-08-23

78-78-4, 2-MethylbutaneRelated Search:

ISOVALERIC ANHYDRIDE Isovaleraldehyde Isovaleric acid 1-BROMO-2-METHYLBUTANE 2-BROMO-2-METHYLPROPIOPHENONE Isovaleryl chloride 1-BROMO-3-METHYLBUTANE 1-Bromo-2-ethylbutane 1-Bromopinacolone 1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLBUTYL ISOCYANIDE TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATO)YTTERBIUM 2-Ethylhexyl chloroformate PR(TMHD)3 2-CHLORO-2-METHYLBUTANE TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATO)EUROPIUM(III) 4-Butoxyphenol 2-BROMO-2-METHYLBUTANE 2,2-DIMETHYL-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-HEPTAFLUORO-3,5-OCTANEDIONE

  • iso-C5H12
  • Isopentan
  • iso-Pentan
  • methylbutane
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  • 2-Methylbutane, 99+%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal
  • 2-METHYLBUTANE REFERENCE SUBSTANCE FOR G
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  • NSC 119476
  • R 601A
  • Butane,2-methyl-
  • dimethylethylmethane
  • Ethyldimethylmethane
  • Exxsol isopentane
  • Isoamylhydride
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  • MARKER DNA 1KBP (4X250ΜL)
  • ISOPENTANE, 99%ISOPENTANE, 99%ISOPENTANE, 99%