1-Aminoanthraquinone Property

Melting point:

253-255 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

364.52°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.1814 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.4700 (estimate)

storage temp. 

room temp

solubility 

Soluble in alcohol, benzene, chlroform, ether, glacial acetic acid, HCl

pka

-0.51±0.20(Predicted)

form 

powder to crystal

Colour Index 

37275

color 

Orange to Brown to Dark red

Water Solubility 

312.5ug/L(25 ºC)

Merck 

14,417

BRN 

396360

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates, strong oxidizing agents.

CAS DataBase Reference

82-45-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1-Aminoanthraquinone(82-45-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

1-Aminoanthraquinone (82-45-1)

Safety

Risk Statements 

36/37/38

Safety Statements 

24/25

RIDADR 

3077

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

CB5075000

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

9

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29223900

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H320Causes eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

H373May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P314Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

P391Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

1-Aminoanthraquinone Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Anthraquinone dyes are the second largest class of dyes after azo dyes, and 1-aminoanthraquinone is an important intermediate for the synthesis of anthraquinone dyes. It is the main raw materials of amino acid and pyrazole anthraquinone occupy an extremely important position in the dye industry.

Chemical Properties

deep brown crystalline powder. Soluble in hot nitrobenzene, toluene, xylene, ether, acetic acid, chloroform, benzene, slightly soluble in cold ethanol, insoluble in water.

Uses

1-Aminoanthraquinone is the most important intermediate for manufacturing acid, reactive, disperse, and vat dyes.

Preparation

1-Aminoanthraquinone (1-AAQ) is synthesized by the condensation of 2-substituted benzoic acid and xylene to yield 2-substituted-dimethylbenzophenone, subsequent oxidation of the methyl groups, ring closure to form a 1-substituted anthraquinone carboxylic acid, replacement of the 1-substituent with ammonia, and decarboxylation.

Application

1-Aminoanthraquinone has the ability to increase the solubility of anthraquinone derivatives in supercritical carbon dioxide. It is widely used in the preparation of various anthraquinone dyes. It also bridges Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes as efficient electrocatalysts.

Hazard

Toxicity studies showed histopathological changes in the kidneys and spleen, loss of breastfeeding behaviour, decreased pup survival on day 4 after birth, repeated doses and reproductive toxicity less than 40 mg/kg/day (lowest tested dose) of NOAEL. No adverse effects on reproductive parameters or teratogenicity were observed. caused excitability, weight loss, and liver and kidney changes in an inhalation study in rats; orthocytotic anaemia, weight loss, and organ changes (liver, spleen and heart) in a 2-week oral study in guinea pigs; and was not irritating to the skin or eyes of rabbits.

Biochem/physiol Actions

1-Aminoanthraquinone has the ability to increase the solubility of derivatives of anthraquinone in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. An eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic NO,. See also AMINES

Synthesis

Anthraquinone is sulfonated with nicotinic sulfuric acid in the presence of a small amount of mercury salt to generate anthraquinone-1-sulfonic acid, which is then neutralized with potassium hydroxide to form anthraquinone sulfonic acid potassium salt. Under high temperature and high pressure, ammonia and anthraquinone sulfonic acid potassium The salt action generates 1-aminoanthraquinone, and the generated sulfite reacts with the product again and the quality of the product decreases. Therefore, nitrobenzene sulfonate is usually used as an oxidant to oxidize sulfite to sulfate, which itself is reduced to m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid.