CARAZOLOL HCL Chemical Properties

Melting point:

133-137 °C

storage temp. 

2-8°C(protect from light)

solubility 

insoluble in H2O; ≥14.8 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥3.9 mg/mL in EtOH

color 

White to Almost white

λmax

332nm(Cabonate butter pH 9.3)(lit.)

Merck 

14,1778

BRN 

3620576

CAS DataBase Reference

57775-29-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26

RIDADR 

2811

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

UA8685000

HazardClass 

6.1

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29339900

CARAZOLOL HCL Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Yellowish solid

Originator

Conducton,Klinge,W. Germany,1980

Uses

Carazolol is a promising high-affinity beta-adrenergic receptor ligand for the noninvasive determination of beta receptor status using PET

Uses

Carazolol is a high-affinity, lipophilic, non-selective ligand of the β-adrenergic receptors (Kis = 0.114 and 0.4 nM for β2- and β3-adrenoceptors, respectively). It acts as a receptor antagonist (beta blocker) or inverse agonist for β1 and β2 receptors but functions as an agonist at the β3-adrenergic receptor.

Definition

ChEBI: Carazolol is a member of carbazoles.

Manufacturing Process

The 4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)carbazole used as starting material is prepared as follows. A solution of 16.3 g 4-hydroxycarbazole in a mixture of 190 ml dioxan and 98 ml 1 N sodium hydroxide is, after the addition of 66 ml epichlorohydrin, stirred for 2 hours at 40°C to 45°C. The reaction mixture is then diluted with water and shaken out with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride phase is washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated. There are obtained 16.8 g 4-(2,3- epoxypropoxy)carbazole.
A solution of 3.5 g 4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)carbazole in 50 ml absolute alcohol is mixed with 30 ml isopropylamine and heated for 3 hours under reflux. When the reaction is finished, the reaction mixture is evaporated to dryness. The residue obtained is taken up in methylene chloride and chromatographed over an aluminum oxide column (300 g basic aluminum oxide, activity stage IV; eluent methylene chloride). The eluted fractions are evaporated and the residue is dissolved in methanol and acidified with 2 N ethereal hydrochloric acid.
The precipitate obtained is filtered off and recrystallized from methanol. There are obtained 3.1 g (62% of theory) 4-(3-isopropylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy) carbazole hydrochloride; MP 234°C to 235°C.

Therapeutic Function

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Biological Activity

carazolol is a high-affinity, lipophilic, and non-selective ligand of the β-adrenergic receptors [1,2].β-adrenergic receptors have been involved in mediating the physiological responses of the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine and modulating a myriad of physiological functions, such as relaxation of smooth muscle, chronotropic and inotropic cardiac responses, and lipolysis in adipose tissue. the β-adrenergic receptors exist in nearly all mammalian tissues. until now, three β-adrenergic receptors have been identified, β1-, β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors [3].in cho cells expressing the human β3-adrenoceptor, the ki value of carazolol was 2.0 ± 0.2 and the ic50 was 11.3 ± 1.2 nm. carazolol exhibited an ecs0 of 25 nm and behaved as a full agonist (intrinsic activity = 0.97) towards the murine β3-adrenoceptor. in murine 3t3-f442a-derived adipocytes express the β3-adrenoceptor, carazolol stimulated lipolysis [1]. carazolol bound to cortical β-receptors with a kd value of 0.15 nm. carazolol showed equal displacements constants when binding with calf cerebral cortex (which contained mainly β1 receptors) and calf cerebellum (which contained mainly β2 receptors), indicating that carazolol bound with equal affinity to β1 and β2 receptors [2].

References

[1] méjean a, guillaume j l, strosberg a d. carazolol: a potent, selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist[j]. european journal of pharmacology: molecular pharmacology, 1995, 291(3): 359-366.
[2] innis r b, corrêa f m a, snyder s h. carazolol, an extremely potent β-adrenergic blocker: binding to β-receptors in brain membranes [j]. life sciences, 1979, 24(24): 2255-2264.
[3] pellegrino s m, lee n h, fraser c m. β-adrenergic receptors[j]. biomembranes: a multi-volume treatise, 1996, 2: 245-279.

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