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Glyoxal

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Glyoxal Basic information

Product Name:
Glyoxal
Synonyms:
  • BISFORMYL
  • glyoxylaldehyde
  • GLYOXAL SOLUTION
  • GLYOXAL
  • DIFORMYL
  • ETHANEDIAL
  • 1,2-ethanedione
  • (CHO)2
CAS:
107-22-2
MF:
C2H2O2
MW:
58.04
EINECS:
203-474-9
Product Categories:
  • Aldehydes
  • Building Blocks
  • C1 to C6
  • Carbonyl Compounds
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Organic Building Blocks
  • Pharmaceutical Intermediates
  • 107-22-2
Mol File:
107-22-2.mol
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Glyoxal Chemical Properties

Melting point:
-14 °C
Boiling point:
104 °C
Density 
1.265 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density 
>1 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
18 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index 
n20/D 1.409
Flash point:
104°C
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
water: soluble(lit.)
form 
Liquid
color 
Clear colorless to yellow
Odor
yel. crystals or lt. yel. liq., mild odor
Water Solubility 
miscible
Merck 
14,4509
BRN 
1732463
Exposure limits
ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability:
Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Strong reducing agent. May polyermize exothermically. Incompatible with air, water, oxygen, peroxides, amides, amines, hydroxy-containing materials, nitric acid, aldehydes. Corrodes many metals.
InChIKey
LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
-1.15 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference
107-22-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Ethanedial(107-22-2)
EPA Substance Registry System
Glyoxal (107-22-2)
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Safety Information

Hazard Codes 
Xn
Risk Statements 
20-36/38-43-68
Safety Statements 
36/37
RIDADR 
UN 1760
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
MD2700000
Autoignition Temperature
545 °F
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
29121900
Hazardous Substances Data
107-22-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 in rats, guinea pigs (mg/kg): 2020, 760 orally (Smyth)

MSDS

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Glyoxal Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

colourless or light yellow liquid

Uses

ermanent-press fabrics; dimensional stabilization of rayon and other fibers. Insolubilizing agent for compounds containing polyhydroxyl groups (polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and cellulosic materials); insolubilizing of proteins (casein, gelatin, and animal glue); embalming fluids; leather tanning; paper coatings with hydroxyethylcellulose; reducing agent in dyeing textiles.

Uses

Glyoxal is used in the production of textilesand glues and in organic synthesis.

Uses

Glyoxal is used to prepare 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone by condensation with urea. It finds application in leather tanning process, textile finishes and paper coatings. It is an important building block in the synthesis of imidazoles. It acts as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry. Further, it is used as a fixative for histology to preserve cells in order to examine under a microscope.

Definition

ChEBI: Glyoxal is the dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons. It has a role as a pesticide, an agrochemical, an allergen and a plant growth regulator.

General Description

Yellow crystals melting at15°C. Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor. Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.

Air & Water Reactions

Mixtures with air may explode. Polymerizes quickly on standing, or on contact with a trace of water (possibly a violent reaction), or when dissolved in solvents containing water, [Merck, 502(1968)]. Soluble in water. An aqueous solution contains mono molecular Glyoxal. [Hawley]

Reactivity Profile

Glyoxal reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid. Polymerizes rapidly even at low temperature if anhydrous [Noller]. Aqueous solutions are more stable but also polymerize on standing. Reacts with itself in the presence of base to give glyconates. Undergoes addition and condensation reactions that may be exothermic with amines, amides, aldehydes, and hydroxide-containing materials. Mixing in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethyleneimine, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide [NFPA 1991].

Hazard

Mixture of vapor and air may explode. Questionable carcinogen.

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes some irritation of nose and,40% solution throat. Contact with liquid,40% solution irritates eyes and causes mild irritation of skin; stains skin yellow. (No information available on symptoms of ingestion.)

Health Hazard

Glyoxal is a skin and eye irritant; the effectmay be mild to severe. Its vapors are irritatingto the skin and respiratory tract. Anamount of 1.8 mg caused severe irritation inrabbits’ eyes. Glyoxal exhibited low toxicityin test subjects. Ingestion may cause somnolenceand gastrointestinal pain.
LD50 value, oral (guinea pigs): 760 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: Heat may cause polymerization to a combustible, viscous material.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

Low toxicity by SYN: AEROTEX GLYOXAL 40 ingestion and skin contact. A skin irritant. A powerful reducing agent. May explode on contact with air. Polymerizes violently on contact with water. During storage it may spontaneously polymerize and ignite. Reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene imine, HNO3, oleum, NaOH, can cause violent reactions. Can explode during manufacture. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALDEHYDES.

Waste Disposal

Glyoxal is mixed with a combustible solventand burned in a chemical incineratorequipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

GlyoxalSupplier

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