Basic information Description Synthetic Methods Biological activity How to use Major Side Effects In vitro In vivo References Safety Supplier Related
ChemicalBook >  Product Catalog >  Biochemical Engineering >  Inhibitors >  Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) >  Raf inhibitors >  Dabrafenib

Dabrafenib

Basic information Description Synthetic Methods Biological activity How to use Major Side Effects In vitro In vivo References Safety Supplier Related

Dabrafenib Basic information

Product Name:
Dabrafenib
Synonyms:
  • Dabrafenib
  • N-[3-[5-(2-Amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(tert-butyl)-4-thiazolyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide
  • Dabrafenib free base(GSK2118436A)
  • Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)
  • GSK2118436A
  • Dabrafenib (GSK2118436A)
  • CS-658
  • N-[3-[5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-2-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide
CAS:
1195765-45-7
MF:
C23H20F3N5O2S2
MW:
519.56
EINECS:
689-166-9
Product Categories:
  • Inhibitors
  • inhibitor
  • Raf B protein kinase inhibitor
  • MAPK
  • API
  • API
  • 1195765-45-7
Mol File:
1195765-45-7.mol
More
Less

Dabrafenib Chemical Properties

Melting point:
214-216oC
Boiling point:
653.7±65.0 °C(Predicted)
Density 
1.443
storage temp. 
-20°C
solubility 
Soluble in DMSO (up to 30 mg/ml with warming), or in Ethanol (up to 1 mg/ml with warming).
form 
White solid.
pka
6.62±0.10(Predicted)
color 
Off-white
Stability:
Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or ethanol may be stored at -20°C for up to 3 months.
More
Less

Safety Information

HS Code 
29350090
More
Less

Dabrafenib Usage And Synthesis

Description

N-[3-[5-(2-Amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(tert-butyl)-4-thiazolyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide is well known as dabrafenib. It is a drug for the treatment of cancers associated with a mutated version of the gene BRAF. Dabrafenib acts as an inhibitor of the associated enzyme B-Raf, which plays a role in the regulation of cell growth. Dabrafenib has clinical activity with a manageable safety profile in clinical trials of phase-I and -II in patients with BRAF(V600)-mutated metastatic melanoma1,2. Its mechanism of action is acted as a Protein Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inducer, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporter 1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporter 3 Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor3,4. It is not indicated for the treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma or wild-type BRAF NSCLC. MEKINIST is not indicated for the treatment of patients with melanoma who have progressed on prior BRAF-inhibitor therapy5.

Synthetic Methods

The key step in the synthesis of Dabrafenib is the construction of the 1,3-thiazole ring, which is usually carried out by the closing ring directly of thioamide (as a 1,3-binuclear reagent) and anα-carbonyl halide (as a 1,2-amphiphilic reagent). Sulfonyl chloride 1 and aniline 2 gave sulfonamide 3 under basic conditions. Methyl pyrimidine 4 with non-nucleophilic strong alkali LiHMDS pull out the acid proton on the methyl and react with 3 to obtain 5, and the latter has α-bromination with NBS to obtain 1,2-amphiphilic reagent 6, and then 6 reacts with 1 , 3-parent nucleotides 7 to close the ring to obtain 8, and finally reacts with ammonia to obtain Dabrafenib.

Figure 1: synthetic route of Dabrafenib

Biological activity

Dabrafenib (GSK2118436) is a mutant BRAFV600 specific inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.8 nM, and effects for B-Raf (wt) and c-Raf is 4 and 6 fold lower respectively.

How to use

It is usually taken twice a day on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Take dabrafenib about 12 hours apart at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Do not stop taking dabrafenib without talking to your doctor.
Swallow the capsules whole; do not split, chew, or crush them.
Your doctor may adjust your dose of dabrafenib depending on your response to treatment and any side effects that you experience. Talk to your doctor about how you are feeling during your treatment.

Major Side Effects

The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for patients taking dabrafenib :

  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Hypophosphatemia
  • Headache

These side effects are less common side effects (occurring in about 10-29%) of patients receiving dabrafenib:
  • Fever
  • Joint pain
  • Papilloma (warts/growths)
  • Hair loss
  • Hand-foot syndrome (Palmar-planter erythrodyesthesia)
  • Increased Alkaline phosphatase
  • Rash
  • Back pain
  • Cough
  • Muscle aches
  • Constipation
  • Nasopharyngitis

In vitro

Dabrafenib is selective for Raf kinases and is 400 times more active against B-Raf than other tested 91% kinases. Dabrafenib inhibits B-RafV600E kinase, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of ERK and inhibition of cell proliferation. The cells stagnate in the G1 phase in cancer cells that specifically encode mutated B-RafV600E.

In vivo

Dabrafenib (oral) inhibits the growth of B-RafV600E mutated melanoma (A375P). Dabrafenib (oral) also inhibits tumor growth, subcutaneously injecting colon cancer (Colo205) in immunocompromised mice.

References

  1. https://www.caymanchem.com/product/16989
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabrafenib
  3. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dabrafenib
  4. Menzies, A. M., and G. V. Long. "Dabrafenib and trametinib, alone and in combination for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. " Clinical Cancer Research 20.8(2014): 2035-2043.
  5. https://www.hcp.novartis.com/products/tafinlar-mekinist/

Description

In May 2013, the US FDA approved dabrafenib (also referred to as GSK 2118436) for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with the BRAFV600E mutation as detected by a FDA-approved test. Dabrafenib was identified from a screen of an oncology-directed kinase collection, followed by extensive structure–activity relationships (SAR) on an initial thiazole lead. Dabrafenib is a potent inhibitor of B-BRAFV600E kinase (IC50=0.65 nM) compared to its potency against wild-type B-raf (IC50=3.2 nM). It also inhibits other kinases (e.g., CRAF) and other mutant B-raf kinases (BRAFV600E and BRAFV600D) with enzyme IC50s of <5 nM and is fairly selective versus a panel of 270 kinases. Consistent with its in vitro activity, oral administration of dabrafenib inhibits the growth of B-RafV600E mutant melanoma (A375P) and colon cancer (Colo205) human tumor xenografts growing subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice. Key steps in the synthesis of dabrafenib are condensation of an aryl sulfonamide ester with the lithium anion of 2-chloro-4-methylpyrimidine to generate a ketone intermediate and bromination of the ketone intermediate with N-bromosuccinamide followed by cyclization with tert-butyl thioamide to afford the desired thiazole core.

Originator

GlaxoSmithKline (United States)

Uses

Dabrafenib is an inhibitor of mutated BRAF kinase and has clinical activity with a manageable safety profile in clinical trials of phase 1 and 2 in patients with BRAF(V600)-mutated metastatic melanoma.

Definition

ChEBI: An organofluorine compound and antineoplastic agent, used as its mesylate salt in treatment of metastatic melanoma.

brand name

Tafinlar

Clinical Use

Selective inhibitor of BRAF-kinase:
Treatment of metastatic melanoma and advanced non-small cell lung cancer with a BRAF V600 mutation

target

B-Raf (V600E)

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antipsychotics: avoid with clozapine, increased risk of agranulocytosis.
Oestrogens and progestogens: possibly reduced contraceptive effect.

Metabolism

Metabolism is mainly by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes to form hydroxy-dabrafenib, which is further oxidised via CYP3A4 to form carboxy-dabrafenib. Carboxy-dabrafenib can be decarboxylated via a nonenzymatic process to form desmethyl-dabrafenib. Carboxy-dabrafenib is excreted in bile and urine. Desmethyl-dabrafenib may also be formed in the gut and reabsorbed. Desmethyl-dabrafenib is metabolised by CYP3A4 to oxidative metabolites. Both hydroxyand desmethyl-dabrafenib are likely to contribute to the clinical activity of dabrafenib while the activity of carboxy-darafenib is not likely to be significant.

References

1) Huang?et al. (2013),?B-Raf and the inhibitors: from bench to bedside; J. Hematol. Oncol.,?6?1 2) Ji?et al. (2016),?Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy determines the susceptibility of melanoma cells to dabrafenib; Drugs Des. Dev. Ther.?10?2491 3) Herr?et al.?(2015),?B-Raf inhibitors induce epithelial differentiation in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells; Cancer Res.,?75?216

DabrafenibSupplier

Changzhou Yongfeng Biomedicine Co. Ltd. Gold
Tel
15006117673
Email
2973592490@qq.com
Products Intro
Product Name:Dabrafenib,GSK2118436
CAS:1195765-45-7
Purity:98 Package:1g 10g 100g 1kg
Changzhou Borl Biotechnology Co.,LTD Gold
Tel
13606124132;13656121842
Email
luyan0021@163.com
Products Intro
Product Name:Dabrafenib
CAS:1195765-45-7
Purity:>99.0% Package:100g
Shandong Chenxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Gold
Tel
+86-0531-88803416 13153166250
Email
sales@chemedpharma.com
Products Intro
Product Name:Dabrafenib
CAS:1195765-45-7
Purity:99.0% Package:1KG/RMB 40000
Shanghai Hope Chem Co., Ltd., Gold
Tel
+21-18501659228 18501659228
Email
info@hope-chem.com
Products Intro
Product Name:Dabrafenib
CAS:1195765-45-7
Purity:99%+HPLC Package:1KG;10KG;50KG
JINAN RUIFENG PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD Gold
Tel
0531-18668921571 18668921571
Email
liujnlz@126.com
Products Intro
Product Name:Dabrafenib
CAS:1195765-45-7
Purity:98% Package:100g;500g;1kg