Glutathione Usage And Synthesis

Description

Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of the amino acids glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid. It is the most abundant antioxidant in living organisms and plays an important role in cells due to its free thiol groups. Under oxidative conditions, glutathione is oxidized to glutathione disulfide. The glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio determines the redox state of cells and is associated with various human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, lung diseases, and immune diseases.

History

Glutathione is a Generally Recognized As Safe Substance (GRAS) listed by the US FDA and is only used in the US market as a dietary supplement. The GRAS statement recommends a dosage of 0.004-0.667% for glutathione in food, beverages, pastries, and confectionery products. It is important to note that the FDA warns against the use of L-glutathione in sterile medications and urges manufacturers and repackagers to clearly label ingredients used in dietary supplements. Furthermore, repackagers should inquire with manufacturers about the intended use of the ingredient. Clarifying information on ingredient labels and Certificates of Authorization (COAs) helps prevent pharmacists from using ingredients unsuitable for sterile injectable medications.