D/L-AMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Chemical Properties

Melting point:

146 °C

Boiling point:

bp760 200-203°; bp13 82-85°

Density 

d425 0.913

vapor density 

4.65

refractive index 

1.5180 (estimate)

Flash point:

9℃

storage temp. 

-20°C

solubility 

Chloroform (Slightly)

pka

9.94±0.10(Predicted)

form 

Liquid or oil

EPA Substance Registry System

Amphetamine (300-62-9)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

F,T

Risk Statements 

11-23/24/25-39/23/24/25

Safety Statements 

16-36/37-45-7

RIDADR 

1851

WGK Germany 

1

HazardClass 

6.1(a)

PackingGroup 

II

Hazardous Substances Data

300-62-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 180 s.c. (Warren, Werner)

D/L-AMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Usage And Synthesis

Description

Amphetamine is a mobile liquid with an amineodor. Molecular weight= 135.23; Boiling point=200°203℃; Flash point #100℃. Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 4,Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Slightly soluble in water.

Chemical Properties

Colorless, volatile liquid; characteristic strong odor; slight burning taste. Soluble in alcohol and ether; slightly soluble in water.

Chemical Properties

Amphetamine is a mobile liquid with an amine odor.

Uses

Stimulant (central).

Uses

Amphetamine is the basis of a group of hallucinogenic, habit-forming drugs that affect the central nervous system. The drug also finds medical application, notably in appetite suppressants. It should be emphasized that administration of amphetamines for prolonged periods in connection with weight-reduction programs may lead to drug dependence. Professionals must pay particular attention to the possibility of persons obtaining amphetamines for nontherapeutic use or distribution to others.

Uses

Amphetamines are advocated for use in a wide variety of conditions but are medically approved for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and weight loss. Amphetamines are also popular drugs of abuse available in several forms for different routes of abuse.

Definition

ChEBI: 1-phenylpropan-2-amine is a primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.

brand name

Benzadrine (SmithKline Beecham);Amfetamin;Amfetasul;Amphamed;Amphedrine;Bifentamin;Dexamin;Dexatrine;Isoamyn;Norphedrane;Novydrinene;Obesitab;Obetrol;Oktadrin;Perduretas anfetamina;Sympatedrin;Sympatina;Synatan;Wekamine.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Amfetamine and its derivatives are potent central stimulants. Use of amfetamines has widely been discouraged due to abuse of their euphoric effect and their limited field of usefulness. Amfetamines have a place in the treatment of narcolepsy and in hyperkinetic syndrome in children. However, they are no longer recommended for use in obesity or depressive illness. Amfetamine is controlled under Schedule II of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. (Reference: (UNCPS2) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (II), , , 1971)

General Description

Colored liquid with an amine odor. Used as a pharmaceutical, a central nervous system stimulant.

Reactivity Profile

Amines, such as D/L-AMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Hazard

Flammable, moderate fire risk. Basis of a group of hallucinogenic (habit-forming) drugs that affect the central nervous system. Sale and use restricted to physicians. Production limited by law.

Health Hazard

D/L-AMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE is classified as extremely hazardous. Probable lethal dose in humans is 5-50 mg/kg or 7 drops to 1 teaspoon for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Habit forming drug which affects the central nervous system. Excessive use may lead to tolerance and physical dependence. Death is possible.

Fire Hazard

Dangerous when exposed to heat or flames. Upon decomposition, nitrogen oxides are emitted. Can react with oxidizing materials.

Safety Profile

A deadly human poison by an unspecified route. An experimental poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A central nervous system stimulant. Overdoses cause hyperactivity, restlessness, insomnia, rapid pulse, rise in blood pressure, dilated pupils, dryness of the throat. Combustible when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol foam, water mist, fog. See other benzedrine entries.

Potential Exposure

Amphetamine is used as a pharmaceutical. It is a CNS stimulant.

First aid

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

Environmental Fate

Amphetamines are indirect acting sympathomimetics, producing their effects by inhibiting the transporters of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin at the presynaptic nerve terminal. This increases the release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and increased norepinephrine levels at central synapses, which further stimulates alpha and beta receptors. Some amphetamines also inhibit monoamine oxidase, preventing the breakdownof catecholamines. Thesemechanisms combine to produce the sympathomimetic and central nervous system (CNS) effects seen with amphetamine abuse.

storage

Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store ina secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemicalyou should be trained on its proper handling and storage.Store in a refrigerator or a cool, dry place.

Shipping

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Toxicity evaluation

Amphetamine is a clear to colorless liquid in freebase or white crystalline substance as a salt. As a liquid it slowly volatilizes and has a characteristic amine odor. Amphetamine base is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. The melting point of amphetamine is 300
C with some decomposition occurring.

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Waste Disposal

It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

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