Tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical Properties

Melting point:

178-181 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

316 °C

Density 

2.1

vapor pressure 

0Pa at 20℃

refractive index 

1.5000 (estimate)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

Insoluble

pka

8.50±0.10(Predicted)

color 

White to Almost white

Water Solubility 

Insoluble

BRN 

1889048

LogP

5.903-6.31 at 12-25℃

CAS DataBase Reference

79-94-7(CAS DataBase Reference)

IARC

2A (Vol. 115) 2018

NIST Chemistry Reference

Phenol, 4,4'-(2,2-propanediyl) bis[2,6-dibromo]-(79-94-7)

EPA Substance Registry System

Tetrabromobisphenol A (79-94-7)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xi,N

Risk Statements 

36/37/38-50/53

Safety Statements 

26-36-37/39-61-60

RIDADR 

UN 3077 9/PG 3

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

SM0894500

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

9

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

29081990

Hazardous Substances Data

79-94-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 inhalation in guinea pig: > 500mg/m3/8H

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:Tetrabromobisphenol A
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Tetrabromobisphenol A Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Tetrabromobisphenol A is a white to pale cream or pale yellow crystalline with a moderately high molecular weight, low water solubility, and moderately high lipophilicity (as indicated by log K_ow). Only about 4% of the particles are <15 μm in diameter, and thus, little (<4%) is expected to be respirable (<10 μm in diameter) and absorbed from the lung after inhalation exposure.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant used in a variety of reactive and additive applications. It is reacted (i.e., covalently bound) with epoxy, vinyl esters, and polycarbonate systems (e.g., high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and is used as an additive in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) thermoplastic resins (Albemarle, 1999). Its primary application is in printed wire boards (PWBs) as a reactive flame retardant (BSEF, 2012).

Uses

tetrabromobisphenol A is widely used as a reactive flame retardant to produce a bromine-containing epoxy resin and polycarbonate, and as intermediates for the synthesis of other complex flame retardant, also as an additive flame retardant for ABS, HIPS, unsaturated polyester rigid polyurethane foams, adhesives and coatings.

Definition

ChEBI: Tetrabromobisphenol A is a bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant. It is a brominated flame retardant and a bromobisphenol. It is functionally related to a bisphenol A.

Preparation

Tetrabromobisphenol A is prepared by the bromination of bisphenol A in the presence of a solvent. This reaction may be conducted:
in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent only or
with water, 50 % hydrobromic acid or aqueous alkyl monoethers.
when methanol is used as the solvent, methyl bromide is formed as a by-product. The production process is largely conducted in closed systems (WHO/IPCS, 1995).

Application

The main use of TBBPA is as a reactive flame retardant in epoxy resins for printed circuit boards in computers, telecommunications equipment, industrial controls and automotive electronics. Both hydroxyl groups on TBBPA can be reacted with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions to form the diglycidyl ether, which is widely used in epoxy resin formulations. TBBPA is also used in polycarbonate and ether polyester resins and is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of tetra-bromobisphenol A allyl ether, -bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether), -carbonate oligomer, and -diglycidyl ether. TBBPA is also used as a flame retardant in plastics, paper, and textiles, and as a plasticizer in adhesives and coatings. Being covalently bound to the polymer limits exposure to unbound excess chemical used in the manufacturing process.

General Description

White powder. A monomer for flame-retardant epoxy, polyester and polycarboante resins.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Tetrabromobisphenol A is monomer.

Hazard

Moderately toxic by inhalation and skincontact. An eye irritant.

Fire Hazard

Tetrabromobisphenol A is nonflammable.

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Environmental Fate

Its physicochemical properties suggest that it will partition to all compartments (i.e., water, sediment, and soil), predominantly to sediment and soil through binding to the organic fraction of a particulate matter. Available environmental fate studies indicated that TBBPA is persistent in water (half-life [t1/2] 182 days), soil (t1/2 182 days), and sediment (t1/2 365 days) (Canada, 2013).It lacks functional groups that are expected to undergo hydrolysis (Canada, 2013). A number of laboratory studies (ECHA, 2013) showed that it can degrade to bisphenol A under aerobic conditions (Canada, 2013).
Tetrabromobisphenol A is identified as a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) compound under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s Toxic Release Inventory (EPA, 2013). It was also placed on the State of Washington s Department of Ecology s PBT List (DOC, 2013). However, Environment Canada and Health Canada concluded that TBBPA did not meet their criteria for bioaccumulation (i.e., bioaccumulation factor >5000) (Canada, 2013). This conclusion was based on TBBPA s low bioaccumulation potential from its physicochemical properties (e.g., maximum diameter of 1.3 1.4 nm, ionization at environmentally relevant pH, and variable logKOW), as well as from studies that showed TBBPA is rapidly metabolized and excreted in aquatic and terrestrial organisms (Canada, 2013).

Toxicity evaluation

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant that has been associated with kidney toxicity in newborn rats. TBBPA is similar in structure to the thyroid hormone T4 and has been found to compete with T4 in binding to proteins in the blood which reduce overall blood serum levels of thyroid hormones.
Tetrabromobisphenol A is classified as hazard statements (H) H400/H410, which means that it is toxic to aquatic biota, causing long-term changes in these organisms.
TBBPA is included on Washington State's PBT (Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic) Rule of chemicals.
TBBPA is on the Proposition 65 list because it can cause cancer.
A National Toxicology Program two-year bioassay study reported that there was clear cancer development in female rats that were exposed to TBBPA, and some evidence in male mice.

Tetrabromobisphenol A(79-94-7)Related Product Information

• TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL) ETHER,tetrabromobisphenol-a-bisethoxylate
• Bisphenol A
• CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO III
• Carbon tetrabromide
• Tetrabromothiophene
• Tetrabromophenol Blue
• TETRABROMOHYDROQUINONE
• Tetrakis(p-broMophenyl)Methane
• Propane
• tetrabromobisphenol a dibromopropyl ether,TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A BIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL) ETHER,tetrabromobisphenol a bis(dibromopropyl ether)
• 2,2`,6,6`-tetrabromobisphenol
• 4,4'-Sulphonylbis(2,6-dibromophenol)(Tetrabromobisphenol S),3,3,5,5-TetrabromoBisphenol-S
• TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER
• 4-tbb
• Bisphenol A-phosgene-tetrabromobisphenol A copolymer,TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-APOLYCARBONATE
• Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(allylether),2,2',6,6'-TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A DIALLYL ETHER,TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A DIALLYL ETHER
• Tetrabromobisphenol A/2,2-Bis-[4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-dibromophenyl]-propane,TBBA BIS
• TBBA,TBBA【liquid crystal】