SPINOSAD
SPINOSAD Basic information
- Product Name:
- SPINOSAD
- Synonyms:
-
- Mixture of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D
- Spinosad [iso]
- Tracer naturalyte
- SPINOS
- Spinosad Standard
- Spinosad @100 μg/mL in Acetonitrile
- Spinosad@1000 μg/mL in Acetonitrile
- Spinosad (Mixture of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D)
- CAS:
- 168316-95-8
- MF:
- C41H65NO10
- MW:
- 731.96
- EINECS:
- 605-513-9
- Product Categories:
-
- Miscellaneous Natural Products
- Mol File:
- 168316-95-8.mol
SPINOSAD Chemical Properties
- Melting point:
- 110℃
- storage temp.
- 0-6°C
- solubility
- Ethanol: 1 mg/ml
- form
- Solid
- color
- White to off-white
- EPA Substance Registry System
- Spinosad (168316-95-8)
SPINOSAD Usage And Synthesis
Description
Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide found in the the soil bacterium S. spinosa. It is a mixture of the macrocyclic lactones spinosyn A and spinosyn D , which act as agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholinesterase receptors (nAChRs). Oral administration of spinosad induces toxicity in fruit flies including C. capitata, B. curcurbitae, and B. dorsalis (LC50s = 2.8-4.2, 4.3-5.5, and 3.1-3.3 μg/ml, respectively) but has low toxicity in vertebrates. It also inhibits canine P-glycoprotein (P-gp; IC50 = 0.2 μg/ml). Formulations containing spinosad have been used in the agricultural and veterinary control of insects.
Uses
Insecticide.
Definition
Isolated from Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Actinomycetes).
Hazard
A poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion.
in vivo
Spinosad is a natural mixture of the pediculicidal tetracyclic macrolides spinosyn A and spinosyn D. Spinosad 0.9% mainly interferes with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects, thereby producing neuronal excitation that results in paralysis of lice from neuromuscular fatigue after extended periods of hyperexcitation. Spinosad 0.9% kills both permethrin-susceptible and permethrin-resistant populations of lice. It is also ovicidal, killing both eggs (nits) and lice[5].
Spinosad causes in vivo oxidative effects in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus. Spinosad causes elevations in the contents of tGSH, GSH, GSSG, Hsp70, and reductions in the ratio of GSH/GSSG and GPx activity and an induction in the GR (glutathione reducta) activity. Spinosad has oxidative effects in the brain tissue by altering the parameters in GSH-related antioxidant system and Hsp70[6].
References
[1] WESLEY J. MAGUIRE*. Comprehensive Determination of Unregulated Pesticide Residues in Oregon Cannabis Flower by Liquid Chromatography Paired with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography Paired with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019, 67 46: 12670-12674. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01559
[2] D. T. VO. Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists as flea adulticides in small animals[J]. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2010, 33 4: 315-322. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01160.x
[3] JOHN D STARK Neil M Roger Vargas. Toxicity of spinosad in protein bait to three economically important tephritid fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004, 97 3: 911-915. DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0911:tosipb]2.0.co;2
[4] T S AMARAL. Short-term effects of a spinosyn’s family insecticide on energy metabolism and liver morphology in frugivorous bats Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818).[J]. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2012, 72 2: 299-304. DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000200010
[5] SCHRICKX J A. Spinosad is a potent inhibitor of canine P-glycoprotein[J]. Veterinary journal, 2014, 200 1: Pages 195-196. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.012
SPINOSAD Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation Products
SPINOSADSupplier
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