Triethyl citrate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

-55 °C

Boiling point:

235 °C/150 mmHg (lit.)

Density 

1.14 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

9.7 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

1 mm Hg ( 107 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.442(lit.)

FEMA 

3083 | TRIETHYL CITRATE

Flash point:

>230 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

H2O: soluble

form 

Liquid

pka

11.57±0.29(Predicted)

color 

Clear

Odor

odorless

Water Solubility 

5.7 g/100 mL (25 ºC)

FreezingPoint 

-55℃

Merck 

14,2326

JECFA Number

629

BRN 

1801199

InChIKey

DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

1.267 (est)

CAS DataBase Reference

77-93-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Ethyl citrate(77-93-0)

EPA Substance Registry System

Triethyl citrate (77-93-0)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

20

Safety Statements 

24/25-45

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

GE8050000

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2918 15 00

Hazardous Substances Data

77-93-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 3200 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 5000 mg/kg

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Triethyl citrate Usage And Synthesis

Toxicity

AD10~20mg/kg (FAO/WHO, 2001). GRAS (FDA, §182.1911, 2000). LD505900 mg/kg (rat, oral).

Description

Triethyl citrate is the triester of citric acid and ethyl alcohol.
Triethyl citrate is used as a flavoring agent in foods, as a high boiling solvent and plasticizer for vinyl resins and cellulose acetates, as a plasticizer in the pharmaceutical industry for coating. Triethyl citrate is used as a natural active ingredient and flavor component with excellent deodorizing and skin care properties in cosmetic and personal care products. Triethyl citrate is also used as a plasticizer and humectant for cigarette filters. Furthermore, triethyl citrate is used s a food additive for stabilizing foams, specifically as a whipping enhancer for organic egg whites during processing.

References

[1] RH Dave (2016) Overview of pharmaceutical excipients used in tablets and capsules, Drug Topics (online). Advanstar.
[2] http://www.who.int/en/
[3] http://www.in-cosmetics.com
[4] http://www.chemicalland21.com
[5] https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Triethyl%20Citrate%20report%202014.pdf

Chemical Properties

Triethyl citrate is odorless, but has a bitter taste.

Chemical Properties

Colorless, mobile liquid; bitter taste. Solubility in water 6.5 g/100 cc; solubility in oil 0.8 g/100 cc. Combustible.

Chemical Properties

Triethyl citrate is a clear, viscous, odorless, and practically colorless, hygroscopic liquid.

Occurrence

Reported found in Morello cherry, sour cherry and red currant. Also reported found in raw cabbage and white wine.

Uses

Triethyl Citrate, is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white. It is also used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).

Uses

Pharmaceutic aid (plasticizer).

Uses

Triethyl Citrate is a sequestrant that is an oily liquid, slightly solu- ble in water. it is found in lemon drinks.

Production Methods

Triethyl citrate is prepared by the esterification of citric acid and ethanol in the presence of a catalyst.

Preparation

By esterification of ethyl alcohol with citric acid.

Definition

ChEBI: Triethyl citrate is a carbonyl compound.

General Description

Triethyl citrate is a safe direct food additive.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Triethyl citrate and the related esters acetyltriethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and acetyltributyl citrate are used to plasticize polymers in formulated pharmaceutical coatings. The coating applications include capsules, tablets, beads, and granules for taste masking, immediate release, sustained-release, and enteric formulations.
Triethyl citrate is also used as a direct food additive for flavoring, for solvency, and as a surface active agent.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS and CITRIC ACID.

Safety

Triethyl citrate is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations and as a direct food additive. It is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, ingestion of large quantities may be harmful.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.75 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 4 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5.9 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 6.6 g/kg

storage

Triethyl citrate should be stored in a closed container in a cool, dry location. When stored in accordance with these conditions, triethyl citrate is a stable product.

Incompatibilities

Triethyl citrate is incompatible with strong alkalis and oxidizing materials.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.

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