Linagliptin Chemical Properties

Melting point:

202 ºC

Boiling point:

661.2±65.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.39

storage temp. 

Refrigerator

solubility 

Chloroform (Sparingly), DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)

pka

10.01±0.20(Predicted)

form 

Solid

color 

White to Orange

InChI

InChI=1S/C25H28N8O2/c1-4-5-13-32-21-22(29-24(32)31-12-8-9-17(26)14-31)30(3)25(35)33(23(21)34)15-20-27-16(2)18-10-6-7-11-19(18)28-20/h6-7,10-11,17H,8-9,12-15,26H2,1-3H3/t17-/m1/s1

InChIKey

LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N

SMILES

N1(CC#CC)C2=C(N(C)C(=O)N(CC3=NC(C)=C4C(=N3)C=CC=C4)C2=O)N=C1N1CCC[C@@H](N)C1

Safety Information

HS Code 

29335990

Hazardous Substances Data

668270-12-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Linagliptin Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Linagliptin (TrajentaR, TradjentaTM, TrazentaTM, TrayentaTM) is an oral, highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and is the first agent of its class to be eliminated predominantly via a nonrenal route. Linagliptin is indicated for once daily use for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Treatment of Type 2 diabetes

Linagliptin acts to lower blood glucose levels by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, thereby preventing the degradation of the incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) and attenuating postprandial glucose excursions. By selectively targeting DPP-4, linagliptin potentially causes a more physiologically based control of glucose-dependent postprandial glucose excursions and of fasting blood glucose, both of which are mediated by effects of glucose on insulin and glucagon secretion. An advantage of linagliptin is that since incretin-stimulated release of insulin is glucose dependent, linagliptin is associated with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia. Moreover, DPP-4 inhibitors have a low potential for drug-drug interactions (with the exception of saxagliptin, which is metabolized by cytochrome P450 [CYP] 3A4/5), are generally well tolerated and have minimal or neutral effects on bodyweight. 

Pharmacokinetics

Linagliptin shows modest oral bioavailability, and it is rapidly absorbed. The maximum plasma concentration at steady state is reached on average 1.5 hours after administration of linagliptin 5 mg, once daily . Linagliptin half-life is 131 hours. No relevant food effects were observed on the absorption profile of linagliptin. Unlike other DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin excretion is not performed by the kidneys, but rather through the enterohepatic system.

Description

Linagliptin (trade names Tradjenta and Trajetna) is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that was approved by the U.S. FDA in May 2011 for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes along with diet and exercise. Linagliptin (BI-1356) has been described as a potent highly selective, slow-off rate and long acting inhibitor of DPP-4. Linagliptin arose from optimization efforts of xanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitors with the initial lead identified from an HTS campaign. After optimizing the activity of the initial micromolar lead, two issues that needed to be addressed were activity for hERG and muscarinic receptor M1. Introduction of a butynyl group at the N7 position of the xanthine ring gave much reduced M1 affinity with no measureable hERG activity. Linagliptin inhibits DPP-4 with an IC₅₀=1 nM and is highly selective (>10,000-fold) against DPP-8 and DPP-9. Linagliptin shows no interactions with CYPs up to 50 mM. The described synthesis of linagliptin starts with 8-bromoxanthine, which is alkylated at the N-7 position to introduce the butyne group, followed by alkylation of the N-1 group to introduce the methyl-quinazoline group. Displacement of the bromide with (R)-Boc-3-amino-piperidine followed by deprotection gives linagliptin. When administered to db/db mice orally, linagliptin dose dependently reduced glucose excursion from 0.1 mg/kg (15% inhibition) to 1 mg/kg (66% inhibition).

Originator

Boehringer Ingelheim (United States)

Uses

A novel potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Uses

dipeptidypeptidase inhibitor, antidiabetic

Uses

Labeled Linagliptin, intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of Linagliptin by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry.

Uses

highly potent CD26 inhibitor

Definition

ChEBI: A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type I diabetes.

brand name

Tradjenta

Clinical Use

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Synthesis

The synthesis of linagliptin began from commercially available 8-bromo-3-methylxanthine (171). Sequential alkylations of guanine derivative 171 at N-7 with butyn-2-yl bromide in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N-1 with 2- (chloromethyl)-4-methylquinazoline (173) in the presence of potassium carbonate, yielded N1,N7-dialkylated xanthine 174 in 85% yield. This material was further condensed with (R)-3-Bocaminopiperidine (175) in the presence of potassium carbonate to give aminopurine dione 176 in 88% yield. Finally, the primary amine of 176 was liberated with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride to produce linagliptin (XV) in 91% yield.

target

DDP-4

storage

+4°C

Linagliptin(668270-12-0)Related Product Information

• Methyl acrylate
• Linagliptin Impurity 23
• Linagliptin impurity 15
• Methanol
• Dihydromyrcenol
• Bensulfuron methyl
• METSULFURON METHYL
• DROPERIDOL
• Methylparaben
• Kresoxim-methyl
• Methyl cellulose
• Haloperidol
• Sulfaquinoxaline
• Quinazoline
• Linagliptin Impurity M
• Linagliptin Impurity I
• Linagliptin Impurity 8
• 8-bromo-7-(but-2-ynyl)-3-methyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione