Atropine sulfate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

189-192 °C (A)(lit.)

Boiling point:

135 °C

Density 

1.1172 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.6900 (estimate)

storage temp. 

0-6°C

solubility 

Soluble in DMSO

form 

Solid

color 

Crystals

InChIKey

HOBWAPHTEJGALG-AADVZIIPNA-N

CAS DataBase Reference

55-48-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

Atropine sulfate (55-48-1)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

T+

Risk Statements 

26/28

Safety Statements 

23-45

RIDADR 

UN 1544 6.1/PG 2

WGK Germany 

2

F 

3-8-10

Toxicity

LD50 oral in rat: 600mg/kg

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich

Atropine sulfate Usage And Synthesis

Uses

anticholinergic agent

Uses

cholinergic receptor antagonist

brand name

Atrophate [Veterinary] (Schering-Plough Animal Health); Atropisol (Ciba Vision, US Ophthalmics); Isopto Atropine (Alcon).

General Description

Atropine sulfate (Atropisol)is prepared by neutralizing atropine in acetone or ethersolution with an alcoholic solution of sulfuric acid, withcare used to prevent hydrolysis. The salt occurs as colorlesscrystals or as a white, crystalline powder. It is efflorescentin dry air and should be protected from light to preventdecomposition.
Atropine sulfate is freely soluble in water (1:0.5), in alcohol(1:5, 1:2.5 at boiling point), and in glycerin (1:2.5).Aqueous solutions are not very stable, although solutionsmay be sterilized at 120°C (15 lb pressure) in an autoclave if the pH is kept below 6. Sterilization probably is besteffected by the use of aseptic techniques and a bacteriologicalfilter. It has been suggested that no more than a 30-daysupply of an aqueous solution should be made and that forsmall quantities the best procedure is to use hypodermictablets and sterile distilled water. Kondritzer andZvirblis have studied the kinetics of alkaline and protoncatalyzedhydrolyses of atropine in aqueous solution. Theregion of maximal stability lies between pH 3 and approximately5. They have also proposed an equation to predictthe half-life of atropine undergoing hydrolysis at constantpH and temperature.

Clinical Use

Atropine may be used to treat some types of arrhythmias. Itincreases the heart rate by blocking the effects of ACh on thevagus. In this context, it is used to treat certain reversible bradyarrhythmiasthat may accompany acute myocardial infarction.It is also used as an adjunct to anesthesia to protect againstbradycardia, hypotension, and even cardiac arrest induced bythe skeletal muscle relaxant succinylcholine chloride.
Another use for atropine sulfate emerged following thedevelopment of the organophosphates, which are potent inhibitorsof AChE. Atropine is a specific antidote to preventthe muscarinic effects of ACh accumulation, such as vomiting,abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation, sweating, bronchoconstriction,and excessive bronchial secretions. It isused intravenously but does not protect against respiratoryfailure caused by depression of the respiratory center andthe muscles of respiration.

Safety Profile

Poison by subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human (child) pulmonary system effects by ingestion. Human systemic effects: decreased body temperature, cardiac arrhythmias. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. See also ATROPINE. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NO,xand SOx.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

The principal veterinary indications for systemic atropine include:
!!Preanesthetic to prevent or reduce secretions of the respiratory tract
!!Treat sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial arrest, and incomplete AV block
!!Differentiate vagally-mediated bradycardia for other causes
!!As an antidote for overdoses of cholinergic agents (e.g., physostigmine, etc.)
!!As an antidote for organophosphate, carbamate, muscarinic mushroom, blue-green algae intoxication
!!Hypersialism
!!Treatment of bronchoconstrictive disease

Atropine sulfate(55-48-1)Related Product Information

• Vanadyl sulfate
• CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO III
• Ammonium sulfate
• Methylparaben
• D-Glucosamine sulfate
• Aluminum sulfate
• Methyl acrylate
• Bensulfuron methyl
• Zinc sulfate heptahydrate
• Sodium sulfate
• PHENYL VALERATE
• Kresoxim-methyl
• 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
• Methyl
• sulfate
• Methyl bromide
• Parathion-methyl
• Atropine sulfate monohydrate