Propylene carbonate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

-55 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

240 °C (lit.)

Density 

1.204 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor pressure 

0.13 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.421(lit.)

Flash point:

270 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

240g/l

form 

Liquid

pka

3.92[at 20 ℃]

Specific Gravity

1.209 (20/4℃)

color 

Clear

PH

7.0 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Odor

odorless

Relative polarity

6

explosive limit

1.8-14.3%(V)

Water Solubility 

240 g/L (20 ºC)

λmax

λ: 235 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.30
λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 375-400 nm Amax: 0.01

BRN 

107913

Dielectric constant

64.4（Ambient）

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases, reducing agents. Protect from contact with moist air or water.

InChIKey

RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

-0.41 at 20℃

CAS DataBase Reference

108-32-7(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Propylene carbonate(108-32-7)

EPA Substance Registry System

Propylene carbonate (108-32-7)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

36

Safety Statements 

26-37/39

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

FF9650000

F 

3-10

Autoignition Temperature

851 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

29209010

Hazardous Substances Data

108-32-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 20000 mg/kg

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:1,2-Propylene Carbonate
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Propylene carbonate Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Propylene carbonate is a clear, colorless, mobile liquid, with a faint odor.

Uses

propylene carbonate is used in chemical reactions as a solvent, plasticizer, solubilizer, or dilutent. It is also used in the synthesis of solar cells as well as lithium ion batteries.

Production Methods

Propylene carbonate may be prepared by the reaction of sodium bicarbonate with propylene chlorohydrin.

General Description

Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate that is commonly used as a solvent and as a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis. It is being considered as a potential electrochemical solvent due to its low vapor pressure, high dielectric constant and high chemical stability.
Propylene carbonate can be synthesized from propylene oxide and CO2. Optically active form of propylene carbonate can be prepared from the reaction between CO2 and racemic epoxides. Decomposition of propylene carbonate on the graphite electrode in lithium batteries results in the formation of a lithium intercalated compound.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Pharmaceutical Applications

Propylene carbonate is used mainly as a solvent in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
In topical applications, propylene carbonate has been used in combination with propylene glycol as a solvent for corticosteroids. The corticosteroid is dissolved in the solvent mixture to yield microdroplets that can then be dispersed in petrolatum.Propylene carbonate has been used as a dispensing solvent in topical preparations.
Propylene carbonate has also been used in hard gelatin capsules as a nonvolatile, stabilizing, liquid carrier. For formulations with a low dosage of active drug, a uniform drug content may be obtained by dissolving the drug in propylene carbonate and then spraying this solution on to a solid carrier such as compressible sugar; the sugar may then be filled into hard gelatin capsules
Propylene carbonate may additionally be used as a solvent, at room and elevated temperatures, for many cellulose-based polymers and plasticizers. Propylene carbonate is also used in cosmetics.

Safety

Propylene Carbonate is listed in The Design for the Environment (DfE) Safer Chemistry Program by the EPA as a Solvent category and indicated by the Green circle, meaning the chemical has been verified to be of low concern for human and environmental health based on experimental and modeled data.
In animal studies, propylene carbonate was found to cause tissue necrosis after parenteral administration.
(mouse, oral): 20.7 g/kg
(mouse, SC): 15.8 g/kg
(rat, oral): 29 g/kg
(rat, SC): 11.1 g/kg

storage

Propylene carbonate and its aqueous solutions are stable but may degrade in the presence of acids or bases, or upon heating;
Store in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

Purification Methods

It is manufactured by reaction of 1,2-propylene oxide with CO2 in the presence of a catalyst (quaternary ammonium halide). Contaminants include propylene oxide, carbon dioxide, 1,2-and 1,3-propanediols, allyl alcohol and ethylene carbonate. It can be purified by percolation through molecular sieves (Linde 5A, dried at 350o for 14hours under a stream of argon), followed by distillation under a vacuum. [Jasinski & Kirkland Anal Chem 39 163 1967.] It can be stored over molecular sieves under an inert gas atmosphere. When purified in this way it contains less than 2ppm of water. Activated alumina and dried CaO have also been used as drying agents prior to fractional distillation under reduced pressure. It has been dried with 3A molecular sieves and distilled under nitrogen in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, then redistilled and the middle fraction collected. [Beilstein 19 III/IV 1564, 19/4 V 21.]

Incompatibilities

Propylene carbonate hydrolyzes rapidly in the presence of strong acids and bases, forming mainly propylene oxide and carbon dioxide. Propylene carbonate can also react with primary and secondary amines to yield carbamates.

Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical ointments). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.

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