Potassium sulfate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

1067°C

Boiling point:

1689°C

Density 

2.66

Flash point:

1689°C

storage temp. 

Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature

solubility 

H₂O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

form 

Very Fine Crystals or Powder

color 

White

Specific Gravity

2.662

Odor

Odorless

PH Range

~7

PH

5.5-7.5 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O)

Water Solubility 

110 g/L (20 ºC)

λmax

λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01

Merck 

14,7674

crystal system

Nogata

Space group

Pnma

Lattice constant

a/nm	b/nm	c/nm	α/o	β/o	γ/o	V/nm3
0.7456	0.5776	1.008	90	90	90

Dielectric constant

5.9（0.0℃）

Stability:

Stable.

InChIKey

OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS DataBase Reference

7778-80-5(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Potassium sulfate(7778-80-5)

EPA Substance Registry System

Potassium sulfate (7778-80-5)

Safety Information

Safety Statements 

22-24/25

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

TT5900000

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

31043000

Hazardous Substances Data

7778-80-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 6600 mg/kg

MSDS

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Potassium sulfate Usage And Synthesis

Description

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) is a kind of chemical compounds that is commonly used in agriculture. The dominant application of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer, which is commonly applied to offer both potassium and sulfur, thus improving the quality and yield of crops growing in soils that lack an adequate supply of this essential elements. Besides, the crude potassium sulfate is sometimes employed in the production of glass. It also has applications in other industries, which is used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges and as an alternative blast media similar to soda in the process of soda blasting.

potassium sulfate powder

Chemical Properties

Potassium sulfate, sulfate of potash, K2SO4, white solid, soluble. Common constituent of potassium salt minerals.

Chemical Properties

Potassium sulfate,K2804, also known as salt of Lemery and arcanite, is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at 1072°C(1960 OF). It is soluble in water,but insoluble in alcohol. Potassium sulfate is used in manufacturing glass, aluminum, fertilizers, and in medicine.

Physical properties

Colorless or white crystals or white granules or powder; rhombohedral structure; bitter taste; density 2.66 g/cm³; melts at 1,069°C; vaporizes at 1,689°C; moderately soluble in water, 12 g/100mL at 25°C and 24g/100mL at 100°C; slightly soluble in glycerol; insoluble in alcohol, acetone, and carbon disulfide.

Occurrence

Potassium and sodium sulfates and their double sulfates with calcium and magnesium occur naturally in various salt lakes. Potassium sulfate also occurs in certain volcanic lava. Its double salt with magnesium occurs in nature, as the mineral langbeinite.
Potassium sulfate is used in fertilizers as a source of potassium and sulfur, both of which are essential elements for plant growth. Either in sim-ple form or as a double salt with magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate is one of the most widely consumed potassium salts in agricultural applications. It is preferred over potassium chloride for certain types of crops; such as, tobac-co, citrus, and other chloride-sensitive crops. Some other applications include making gypsum cements; to make potassium alum; in the analysis of Kjeldahl nitrogen; and in medicine.

Uses

Potassium Sulfate is a flavoring agent that occurs naturally, consisting of colorless or white crystals or crystalline powder having a bitter, saline taste. it is prepared by the neutralization of sulfuric acid with potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate.

Uses

Technical grades are used in fertilizers for manufacture of potassium alum, potassium carbonate and glass; the reagent grade is used in the Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen.

Uses

potassium sulfate is a reagent in cosmetics. Potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt with a primary function as a viscosity-increasing agent.

Definition

Potassium sulfate is a potassium salt and an inorganic potassium salt. It is a white crystalline powder, K2SO4, soluble inwater and insoluble in ethanol;rhombic or hexagonal; r.d. 2.66; m.p.1069°C. It occurs naturally assch nite (Strassfurt deposits) and inlake brines, from which it is separatedby fractional crystallization. Ithas also been produced by the Hargreavesprocess, which involves theoxidation of potassium chloride withsulphuric acid. In the laboratory itmay be obtained by the reaction ofeither potassium hydroxide or potassiumcarbonate with sulphuric acid.Potassium sulphate is used in cements,in glass manufacture, as a food additive, and as a fertilizer(source of K+) for chloride-sensitiveplants, such as tobacco and citrus.

Production Methods

Potassium sulfate is produced by various methods, selection of process depending on availability and cost of raw materials.
The salt may be obtained from its naturally occurring mineral, langbeinite,K₂SO₄?2MgSO₄. The ore first is crushed and washed with water to separate sodium chloride. After that, magnetite is separated from the washed langbei-nite by magnetic separation. After the separation of these two major impuri-ties, the purified double salt is treated with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride to obtain potassium sulfate:
K₂SO₄?2MgSO₄ + 4KCl →3K₂SO₄+ 2MgCl₂
The solution is filtered to remove insoluble residues and the products are separated from their aqueous mixture by crystallization.
Potassium sulfate also is produced from the mineral kieserite, MgSO4?H₂O by treatment with potassium chloride. The intermediate double salt obtained reacts further with potassium chloride to form potassium sulfate:MgSO₄?H₂O + 2KCl + 4H₂O →K₂SO₄?MgSO₄?6H₂O + MgCl₂
K₂SO₄?MgSO₄?6H₂O + 2KCl →2K₂SO₄+ MgCl₂
Potassium sulfate is separated from the more soluble magnesium chloride by crystallization.
Also, potassium sulfate can be made by two other processes in which no naturally occurring mineral is employed. In the Mannheim process, the salt is produced by action of sulfuric acid on potassium chloride:2KCl + H₂SO₄→K₂SO₄+ 2HCl
In Hargreaves process, which is a slight variation of the Mannheim method, potassium sulfate is made by heating a mixture of potassium chlo-ride, sulfur dioxide, air and water:4KCl + 2SO₂+ 2H₂O + o₂→2K₂SO₄+ 4HCl.

General Description

Potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt that can be prepared by reacting phosphogypsum and potassium chloride. It forms needlelike mullite particles on heating with aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Its application to the soil has been reported to minimize the bronzing of rice plants. Its surface integration growth kinetics has been obtained in the temperature range of 20-50°C. The theoretical heat capacity curve of potassium sulfate in vapor phase has been obtained.

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic to humans by ingestion. Moderately toxic experimentally by subcutaneous route. Swallowing large doses causes severe gastrointestinal tract effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O and SOx. See also SULFATES.

Purification Methods

Potassium sulfate [7778-80-5] M 174.3, m 1069o, d 4 2.67 It crystallised from distilled water (4mL/g at 20o; 8mL/g at 100o) between 100o and 0o.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_sulfate
http://www.cropnutrition.com/potassium-sulfate
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-potassium-sulfate-structure-uses-formula.html

Potassium sulfate(7778-80-5)Related Product Information

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