Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride Property

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

soluble in H2O

form 

Crystalline Powder

color 

Yellow

Water Solubility 

Very soluble in water.

InChI

InChI=1S/ClH.6H2N.Ru/h1H;6*1H2;/q;6*-1;+9/p-1

InChIKey

WXRKGULWJOAAIR-UHFFFAOYSA-M

SMILES

[Ru+3](N)(N)(N)(N)(N)N.[Cl-]

CAS DataBase Reference

14282-91-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26-36

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

VM2651530

HS Code 

28439000

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3, is a powdery, pale yellow, air stable, water-soluble powder.
Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride and hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride are readily interconverted via electrochemical reduction and oxidation, respectively. As a result, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride is often used as the analyte in cyclic voltammetry demonstrations. This property also makes [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 highly useful in various biochemical analyses as an indicator of the occurrence of one-electron reactions.

Uses

Hexaamineruthenium(III) Chloride as an Electron Mediator for Glucose
Detection Glucose monitoring systems use hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride as an electron mediator. In one commercial blood glucose monitoring system, β-D-glucose reacts with GOD and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride in the test strip, generating β-D-glucono-lactone and hexaammineruthenium (II) chloride. The amount of hexaammineruthenium (II) chloride that is produced is directly proportional to the amount of glucose in the blood sample. Oxidation of the hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride back to hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride then generates an electric current. The meter is used to convert the current into the value of the glucose concentration.
In another system reported in the literature, the thermostable FADGDH glucose-dehydrogenase complex, rather than GDH, was used as the enzyme and deposited’ along with hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride, onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (Ref 2). The sensor was shown to measure the whole-blood glucose level within 1 sec using a 150-nL whole-blood sample with both high precision and reproducibility. Importantly, the sensor reading was stable for more than 60 days, even at 70 °C.
In these systems, the hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride must be of consistent purity and quality to ensure consistent and accurate test results.
Reactions:
β-D-glucose + Hexammineruthenium(III) chloride + GOD → D-Glucono-δ-Lactone + Hexammineruthenium (II) chloride
Hexammineruthenium(II) chloride →Hexammineruthenium(III) chloride + e
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Uses

Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride can be used to synthesize chloropentaammineruthenium(III) chloride.

Production Methods

Hexammineruthenium (II) dichloride 34 g (ruthenium 0.12 mol) was dissolved in 270 mL of water, and 6.65 g (0.12 mol) of ammonium chloride was gradually added to it. Then, oxygen gas was blown into this solution to synthesize hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride. Oxygen gas with a purity of 99.99% was blown at a flow rate of 0.5 L / min, and the reaction was performed while measuring the redox potential with an ORP meter inserted in the solution. Then, when the redox potential reached ?80 mV (vs. Ag / AgCl), the blowing of oxygen gas was stopped (the liquid temperature was 20-25 ℃). In the separation and extraction step, 36 g of ammonium chloride was dissolved in the filtrate and then cooled to 3 ° C. As a result, pale cream hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride crystals were crystallized. Finally, the solution was filtered to separate hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride crystals, washed with 50 mL of acetone, and dried at 60 ℃. for 2 hours to obtain Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride crystals.

Application

Hexaammineruthenium III/II (HexRu(III)|HexRu(II)) couple is a commonly used electrochemical redox couple due to its chemical and electrochemical reversibility.
Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride can be used to synthesize chloropentaammineruthenium(III) chloride.

General Description

Hexaammineruthenium III/II (HexRu(III)|HexRu(II)) couple is a commonly used electrochemical redox couple due to its chemical and electrochemical reversibility.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it twice from 1M HCl.