D-Galactose Property

Melting point:

168-170 °C(lit.)

alpha 

+79.0～+81.0°(D/20℃) (c=10, dil. NH4OH)

Boiling point:

232.96°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1,5 g/cm³

refractive index 

80 ° (C=10, H2O)

storage temp. 

room temp

solubility 

H₂O: 100 mg/mL

form 

powder

pka

pK1:12.35 (25°C)

color 

White

PH

4.5-6.0 (H2O)Aqueous solution

Odor

Odorless

PH Range

5 - 7 at 180 g/l at 25 °C

optical activity

[α]20/D +80±1°, 24 hr, c = 5% in H2O

Water Solubility 

Soluble in water.

Merck 

14,4335

BRN 

1724619

InChIKey

GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-DPYQTVNSSA-N

LogP

-2.490 (est)

CAS DataBase Reference

59-23-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

D-Galactose(59-23-4)

EPA Substance Registry System

D-Galactose (59-23-4)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

36/37/38

Safety Statements 

22-24/25-36/37/39-27-26

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

LW5490000

F 

3

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

29400090

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H312Harmful in contact with skin

H332Harmful if inhaled

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P330Rinse mouth.

P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

D-Galactose Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

D-Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that serves as an energy source and glycosylation component. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose and often used as a source of carbon in culture media. Galactose is a component of the disaccharide lactose and released upon hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzymes. It is converted to glucose via the Leloir pathway or metabolized via an alternative pathway, such as the DeLey-Doudoroff pathway.

Description

D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose. D-galactose is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. Chronic, systemic exposure to D-galactose accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging. In bacteria, D-galactose is imported by a methyl-galactoside transport system to drive chemotaxis.

Chemical Properties

White powder

Uses

A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Uses

D-Galactose is suitable for use in cell culture systems requiring sugar additives.

Uses

Galactose is a simple monosaccharide used as a component of the galactosyltransferase labeling buffer. It serves as an energy source and an important constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Since it is a component of antigens, it plays a vital role in the determination of blood type within the ABO blood group system.

Definition

A monosaccharide commonly occurring in milk sugar or lactose.

Application

Galactose has been used:
as a component of galactosyltransferase labeling buffer.
as a supplement in MRS broth for the growth of thermophilic lactobacilli.
to induce the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) in yeast transformants.

General Description

Galactose is a constituent of lactose. It is one of the main nutrients for newborn infants and young children. It is produced in the body for the formation of lactose and is also a component of glycolipids (cerebrosides) and glycoproteins.

Biological Activity

Galactose is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Galactose contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Defects in the genes encoding these proteins lead to the metabolic disorder galactosemia.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Galactose is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Galactose contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Defects in the genes encoding these proteins lead to the metabolic disorder galactosemia.

Purification Methods

D-Galactose is crystallised twice from aqueous 80% EtOH at -10o, then dried in a vacuum oven at 90o over P2O5 for 10hours. [Link Biochemical Preparations 3 75 1953, Hansen et al. Biochemical Preparations 4 2 1955.] Also purify it by recrystallising the dried solid (150g) in hot H2O (150mL), then adding hot MeOH (250mL) and hot EtOH (500mL), stirring to mix, filtering through a bed of charcoal, and the clear filtrate is stirred to initiate crystallisation. After standing overnight at 10o, the crystals of the -anomer are filtered off by suction, washed with MeOH, then EtOH, and dried (yield 130g), and more can be obtained by evaporation of the filtrate and washing as before. [Wolfrom & Thompson Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I 120 1962, Academic Press, Beilstein 1 IV 4336.]