AFN-1252 Property

Boiling point:

601.2±65.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.28±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

DMSO:5.8(Max Conc. mg/mL);15.45(Max Conc. mM)

form 

A crystalline solid

pka

3.60±0.20(Predicted)

color 

White to off-white

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

AFN-1252 Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

AFN-1252 is an inhibitor of staphylococcal enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI; K_i = 12.8 nM), an enzyme that activates bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. It is selective for isolates of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC₉₀s = ≤0.008 μg/ml) over isolates of S. pneumoniae, β-hemolytic streptococci, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, and M. catarrhalis (MIC₉₀s = >4 μg/ml). In vivo, AFN-1252 increases survival in a murine acute lethal septicemia model, showing 100% survival when administered at a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg.

Uses

AFN-1252 is a staphylococcus-selective enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) inhibitor. An antimicrobial agent

Enzyme inhibitor

This selective, orally available, first-in-class antibiotic (FW = 375.43 g/mol; CAS 620175-39-5; Formulated in 1% Poloxamer 407) is a potent inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), thereby preventing fatty acyl chain elongation and disrupting biosynthesis of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids needed for bacterial growth. It demonstrates exceptional potency and specificity against staphylococcal isolates, with typical S. aureus MIC ranges of 0.002–0.12 μg/mL and MIC90s of ≤ 0.015 μg/mL. Mode of Action: FabI is the only enoyl-ACP reductase in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and related staphylococci, with no alternative enzyme or rescue pathway, including processing of exogenously supplied fatty acids. Such metabolic features suggest FabI may be essential to cell viability in Staphylococcus spp. The inhibitor’s target was convincingly confirmed (a) by using direct enzyme assays (IC50 = 14 nM, with no inhibition of the human enzyme, even at 67 μM); (b) by employing radiolabeled acetate to demonstrate that AFN-1252 greatly reduced incorporation into lipids; (c) by co-crystallizing AFN-1252 and FabI in the presence of the unnatural substrate 3′-NADPH, and (d) by genetically determining AFN-1252’s spontaneous resistance frequency and characterizing AFN-1252-resistant FabI mutants. In socalled time-kill assays, AFN-1252 caused a time-dependent reduction in the viability of S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA) and S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), with similar magnitudes and rates of killing were obtained at 4 and 128 times the MIC (i.e., 2.0- and 2.9-log10 reductions).