1,4-DINITROBENZENE Property

Melting point:

170-173 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

183.4 °C34 mm Hg(lit.)

Density 

1.625 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor pressure 

2.25 x 10^-4 mmHg at 35 °C (Hine et al., 1963)

refractive index 

1.725 (589.3 nm)

Flash point:

150 °C

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

alcohol: soluble1g in 300ml

form 

Crystals or Powder

color 

Ochre to orange

Water Solubility 

Soluble in water. (0.8 g/L) at 20°C.

Merck 

14,3273

BRN 

1105828

Henry's Law Constant

4.79(x 10^-7 atm?m³/mol) at 35 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)

Exposure limits

NIOSH REL: TWA 1, IDLH 50; OSHA PEL: TWA 1 ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.15 ppm for all isomers (adopted).

Stability:

Stable, but may be shock-sensitive. May explode if heated. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases, nitric acid, many metals, tin oxides.

CAS DataBase Reference

100-25-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

p-Dinitrobenzene (100-25-4)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

T+,N,T,F

Risk Statements 

26/27/28-33-34-50/53-52/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11

Safety Statements 

28-36/37-45-60-61-16

RIDADR 

UN 3443 6.1/PG 2

OEB

C

OEL

TWA: 1 mg/m3 [skin]

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

CZ7525000

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

6.1

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

29042090

Hazardous Substances Data

100-25-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

IC50 (24-h) for river bacteria 1.27 mg/L (Yuan and Lang, 1997).

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H373May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P262Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

1,4-DINITROBENZENE Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

light yellow powder

Physical properties

Clear, colorless to white crystalline solid or monoclinic crystals. Slowly turns yellow on exposure to air.

Uses

1,4-Dinitrobenzene is used in a study to evaluate the ionization mechanism and solvent effect by novel atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode for analysis of some compounds. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene can be used in synthesis of dyes and dye intermediates.

Uses

manufacture of dyes, dye intermediates, explosives, plastics.

Definition

ChEBI: A dinitrobenzene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 4.

General Description

Colorless to yellow solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.

Air & Water Reactions

Slowly mixes with water.

Reactivity Profile

All three isomers have similar properties and may react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Their reaction with nitric acid (nitration) will lead to a mixture of trinitrobenzenes possessing high-explosive properties [Urbanski, 1967, vol. 3, p. 290]. If heat and reaction conditions of the nitration are not controlled, detonation comparable to TNT may occur [Anon., J. R. Inst. Chem., 1960, 84, p. 451]. Mixture of 1,3-dinitrobenzene with tetranitromethane was found highly explosive [Urbanski, 1964, vol. 1, 592]. 1,2-dinitrobenzene is a severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition all dinitrobenzens emit toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1374].

Health Hazard

INHALATION OR INGESTION: Headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rapid weak pulse, decreased blood pressure, cyanosis, exhaustion, hepatomegaly, jaundice, albuminurea, hematuria, visual scotomata, amblyopia and nystagmus. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Stains skin yellow; if skin contact is prolonged, can be absorbed into blood causing same symptoms as for inhalation.

Safety Profile

Suspected carcinogen. Poison by ingestion. Mutation data reported. Mxture with nitric acid is a high explosive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also 0and mDINITROBENZENE

Environmental Fate

Biological. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, no biodegradation was observed (Pitter, 1976).
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the nitro-containing compounds (e.g., 2,4- dinitrophenol) undergo degradation by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide yielding ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions. By analogy, 1,4-dinitrobenzene should degrade forming identical ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). 1,4-Dinitrobenzene will not hydrolyze in water (Kollig, 1993).

Purification Methods

Crystallise 1,4-dinitrobenzene from EtOH or EtOAc. Dry it under vacuum over P2O5. It can be sublimed in a vacuum. [Beilstein 5 IV 741.]