Organic bases 6-Thioguanine Chemical Properties Uses Production method
ChemicalBook > CAS DataBase List > Guanine

Guanine

Organic bases 6-Thioguanine Chemical Properties Uses Production method
Product Name
Guanine
CAS No.
73-40-5
Chemical Name
Guanine
Synonyms
2-AMINO-1,9-DIHYDRO-6H-PURIN-6-ONE;Gua;Guanin;quanine;2-AMINO-1,7-DIHYDRO-6H-PURIN-6-ONE;ci75170;pearlessence;Pearl Essence;6H-Purin-6-one;2-AMINO-6-HYDROXYPURINE
CBNumber
CB3259805
Molecular Formula
C5H5N5O
Formula Weight
151.13
MOL File
73-40-5.mol
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Guanine Property

Melting point:
>300 °C (lit.)
Boiling point:
273.11°C (rough estimate)
Density 
1.4456 (rough estimate)
refractive index 
2.0000 (estimate)
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
1 M NaOH: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form 
Powder
pka
9.92(at 40℃)
color 
White to cream
Odor
Odorless
Water Solubility 
practically insoluble
Decomposition 
360°C
Merck 
14,4564
BRN 
9680
Stability:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey
UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
-0.910
CAS DataBase Reference
73-40-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro-(73-40-5)
EPA Substance Registry System
Guanine (73-40-5)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xi
Risk Statements 
36/37/38
Safety Statements 
26-36-37/39
WGK Germany 
3
RTECS 
MF8260000
Hazard Note 
Irritant
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
29335990
Hazardous Substances Data
73-40-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
G11950
Product name
Guanine
Purity
98%
Packaging
10g
Price
$30.2
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
BP879
Product name
Guanine
Purity
British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard
Packaging
25MG
Price
$266
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1302156
Product name
Guanine
Purity
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Packaging
100mg
Price
$483
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
G0169
Product name
Guanine
Purity
>98.0%(T)(HPLC)
Packaging
1g
Price
$16
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
G0169
Product name
Guanine
Purity
>98.0%(T)(HPLC)
Packaging
25g
Price
$34
Updated
2024/03/01
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Guanine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Organic bases

Guanine is an organic base that is widespread in the animal and the plant kingdom. The chemical name is 2-amino-6-oxo-purin. It is colorless square crystals or crystalline powder. In the aqueous solution containing a large excess of ammonia, it will become small diamond crystal after slowly evaporating the water. It has a melting point of 360 ℃ (partially decomposed and sublimated). It can be dissolved in ammonia water, caustic soda and dilute mineral acid, slightly soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, and insoluble in water. It has a strong UV absorption. It is the major composition of guanosine and guanylate. Its hydrochloride monohydrate is powdery crystals with water being loss at 100 ℃ and hydrogen chloride being loss at 200 ℃. It can be dissolved in acidified water but is insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Guanine can be obtained through the hydrolysis of scale in hydrochloric acid. It is an important base composition of nucleic acids, being one of the four major bases of DNA and RNA as well as the compassion of various kinds of guanylate. Its N9 can be connected with the C1 of ribose or deoxyribose with β-glycosidic bond to obtain guanosine or deoxy-guanosine.
[Major application]: for biochemical research and preparation of caffeine and other drugs.
Its chemical composition is 2-amino-6-mercaptopurine. It, together with adenine, constitutes the two major purines bases in the nucleic acid. Through binding to ribose guanosine or deoxyribose guanosine through the glycosidic linkages, the corresponding triphosphates are guanosine triphosphate or deoxyguanosine triphosphate, respectively. They are the precursor of guanine during the biosynthesis process of RNA and DNA.

6-Thioguanine

6-Thioguanine belongs to another kind of common purine metabolism antagonist in the inhibition of the purine synthesis pathway and is a cell cycle specific drugs to which those cells locating in the cycle S period are most sensitive. In addition to inhibit the biosynthesis of cellular DNA, it also has mild inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of RNA. This product is a kind of guanosine analogs. It becomes active only after being converted to 6-TG ribonucleotide via the phosphor-ribosyltransferase inside human body. The action process of this product is similar to that of mercapto-purine. In addition, 6-TG ribonucleotide, through its inhibitory effect on guanylate kinase, can prevent the phosphorylation of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) into guanosine diphosphate (GDP). This product, after being metabolized into deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, can be embedded in DNA, thus further inhibiting the biosynthesis of nucleic acids while mercaptopurine having no effect. The product has cross-resistance with mercaptopurine while it can have its efficacy improved upon combination with other drugs such as cytarabine. Its oral absorption after oral administration is incomplete, at about 30%. Only a relatively small amount of the drug can shift from the blood to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier, therefore at generally oral dose, it is insufficient to prevent and treat meningeal leukemia. The activation and decomposition process of the product both proceeds in the liver with being de-activated through either shifting the amino-methyl mercaptopurine via methylation or shifting to mercaptopurine via deamination. However, the metabolic process of inactivation is not related to xanthine oxidase, therefore taking allopurinol has no significant inhibitory effect on the metabolism of this product. The half-life of intravenous injection is 25~240 min with the average period being 80 min. Through being excreted through the kidneys, for one time of oral administration, about 40% of the drug is excreted in urine in the form of metabolites within 24h with only trace amount of 6-Thioguanine being detected in the urine.

Chemical Properties

It is colorless needle crystal or amorphous powder. The melting point is 360 ℃ (decomposition). It is easily soluble in acid and alkali, slightly soluble in alcohol, ether, but insoluble in water.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.

Uses

It can be used for biochemical studies.
It can be used as the intermediates of the antiviral drugs acyclovir.
It can be used as the intermediate of thioguanine and open-ringed guanine.

Production method

5-amino-4-imidazolyl amide can have esterification reaction with isothiocyanate methylbenzene to generate ester, and then successfully reacted with methyl iodide, ammonia to synthesize it.

Chemical Properties

white to light yellow crystal powder

History

Guanine is one of the two purines comprising the five nucleic acid bases. Much of the information regarding the general role of nucleic acid bases is covered in Adenine and Cytosine. Guanine gets its name from guano, from which it was first isolated in the 1840s. Albrecht Kossel (1853 1927) determined that guanine (as well as adenine, cytosine, thymine and uracil) was a component of nucleic acid in the last two decades of the 19th century. Similar to adenine, guanine combines with ribose to form a nucleoside. The nucleoside produced is guanosine, which in turn combines with one to three phosphoryls to yield the nucleotides guanosine monophosphate (GMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), respectively. Guanine nucleotides play an important role in metabolism including the conversion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and carbohydrate metabolism.

Uses

Guanine is a crystalline amorphous substance that is found in guano, fish scales, and theliver of certain mammals. Guanine is responsible for the silvery iridescence of certain fishscales. Before its discovery, guanine was scraped from fish scales and used to coat beads to produceimitation pearls. Thus it was called pearl essence or pearly white in the 1700s. Guanineobtained from fish scales is used in cosmetics, especially for eye cosmetics and nail polishes.

Uses

Guanine is on one of the five nucleobases incorporated into biological nucleic acids. Guanine, along with adenine and cytosine, is present in both DNA and RNA, whereas thymine is usually seen only in DNA, and uracil only in RNA.

Uses

guanine is mixed in water and used primarily in nail polish to achieve a pearlized effect. It has been greatly replaced by either synthetic pearl or aluminum and bronze particles. guanine is obtained from plant or animal sources.

Definition

A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. Guanine has a purine ring structure.

Definition

guanine: A purine derivative. It isone of the major component bases ofnucleotides and the nucleic acidsDNA and RNA.

Definition

ChEBI: A 2-aminopurine carrying a 6-oxo substituent.

General Description

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Guanine is one of the building blocks of both RNA and DNA that plays a significant role in protein biosynthesis as well as the storage of genetic information.

Biological Activity

guanine is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids dna and rna.guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds.

Guanine Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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View Lastest Price from Guanine manufacturers

HEBEI SHENGSUAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
Product
Guanine 73-40-5
Price
US $100.00-70.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
5000
Release date
2024-08-16
Hebei Zhuanglai Chemical Trading Co.,Ltd
Product
Guanine 73-40-5
Price
US $120.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
10ton
Release date
2024-05-22
WUHAN FORTUNA CHEMICAL CO., LTD
Product
Guanine 73-40-5
Price
US $0.00-0.00/Kg/Drum
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%min HPLC
Supply Ability
1000KG
Release date
2021-06-09

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