Thymulin

Thymulin Property

Boiling point:

1658.9±65.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.417±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

storage temp. 

−20°C

solubility 

deionized water: soluble

pka

3.08±0.10(Predicted)

form 

Lyophilized powder

color 

white

Sequence

Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH

InChI

InChI=1S/C33H54N12O15/c1-15(39-29(55)18-6-8-24(50)40-18)27(53)42-16(4-2-3-9-34)30(56)45-21(14-47)32(58)43-17(5-7-22(35)48)28(54)38-11-25(51)37-12-26(52)41-20(13-46)31(57)44-19(33(59)60)10-23(36)49/h15-21,46-47H,2-14,34H2,1H3,(H2,35,48)(H2,36,49)(H,37,51)(H,38,54)(H,39,55)(H,40,50)(H,41,52)(H,42,53)(H,43,58)(H,44,57)(H,45,56)(H,59,60)/t15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1

InChIKey

LIFNDDBLJFPEAN-BPSSIEEOSA-N

SMILES

C(O)(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1

Safety

WGK Germany 

3

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Thymulin Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Nonathymulin, also known as Serum Thymic Factor, is a synthetic thymic peptide hormone. It is a thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation. It also acts as an effector on proinflammatory mediators/cytokines.

Chemical Properties

This product can regulate cellular immune function, with anti-aging, anti-virus effect. It is more stable to heat, and its biological activity will not be reduced at 80℃, but after being hydrolyzed into amino acid, its biological activity will disappear. Raw material treatment Take calf thymus as raw material, remove fat, fascia and other non-thymus tissues, refrigerated at -20℃, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and minced in sterilized meat grinder. According to the mass ratio of 1:1, the crushed thymus and cold water for injection (China's water hypotonic extraction, cold fusion, which can make the active polypeptide fully dissolved in water to improve the yield. Foreign reports, can also be used in saline extraction) mixed, placed in 10000r/min high-speed tissue masher, mashed 1 min to make homogenization. Calf thymus [grinded] → crushed thymus [cold water for injection] → [10000r/min, 1min] thymus homogenate part of the heat denaturation, centrifugation, filtration The thymus homogenate was extracted by maceration at 10℃, and then frozen at -20℃ for 48h. After taking out and melting, the homogenate was heated up with stirring in a water bath to 80℃, kept for 5min, cooled down quickly, and frozen at -20℃ for 2-3d. After taking out and melting, the homogenate was heated up at 2℃ with 5000 r/min, and then frozen at -20℃ for 3d. 2°C, centrifuged at 5000 r/min for 40 min, the supernatant was taken and filtered under reduced pressure (filter paper pulp or 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane) to obtain the clarified extract of active peptides. Thymus homogenate [extraction below 10℃] → [-20℃, 48h] frozen liquid [80℃, 5min] → [5000r/min, 40min centrifugation] active polypeptide extract ultrafiltration, purification, packaging, lyophilization Clarified extract of active polypeptide with ultrafiltration membrane (can be intercepted relative molecular mass of 10,000 or less) for ultrafiltration, to get the refined solution, at -20 ℃ refrigerated. After passing the test, 3% mannitol (excipient) was added, sterilized and filtered, partitioned and freeze-dried to obtain Thymopeptide for Injection. Active peptide extract [ultrafiltration membrane] → [Mr<10000] refined solution [freeze-drying] → [3% mannitol] Thymus peptide for injection (Note: the whole operation process and apparatus should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the aseptic method of operation).

Uses

As a synthetic nonapeptide hormone, nonathymulin exhibits anti-apoptotic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. In vivo, FTS increases activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreases activation of ERK, inhibiting cephaloridine-induced kidney damage and dysfunction.

Biological Activity

Thymulin (Nonathymulin) has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Thymulin treatment significantly reduced CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema. In addition, molecular studies showed that it also reduced CFA-induced microglial activation, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in the spinal cord. This effect may be mediated by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators in spinal microglia and the central nervous system, which seems to be related to the ability of thymulin to reduce p38 MAPK phosphorylation^[1].

Mechanism of action

The thymus produces a nonapeptide capable of inducing T cell surface markers and T cell functions in immature lymphoid cells. This peptide is found partly bound to a carrier protein in the circulation from where it has been isolated (hence its name of serum thymic factor (nonathymulin, FTS)). Immunofluorescence studies using an antibody raised against synthetic FTS has shown that it is produced by the thymic epithelium. Its mode of action at the cellular level involves the binding to specific high affinity receptors.

Description

Thymulin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 9 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 858 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C₃₃H₅₄N₁₂O_15.

References

[1] BEHZAD NASSERI . Thymulin treatment attenuates inflammatory pain by modulating spinal cellular and molecular signaling pathways[J]. International immunopharmacology, 2019, 70: Pages 225-234. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.