3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
- Product Name
- 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
- CAS No.
- 91-94-1
- Chemical Name
- 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
- Synonyms
- Dichlorobenzidine;3,3'-Dichlorbenzidin;ci23060;c.i.23060;CCRIS 220;C.I. 23060;curithanec126;3.3'-Dichlorob;Benzidine &Curithane C 126
- CBNumber
- CB5178304
- Molecular Formula
- C12H10Cl2N2
- Formula Weight
- 253.13
- MOL File
- 91-94-1.mol
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Property
- Melting point:
- 132.5°C
- Boiling point:
- 398.89°C (rough estimate)
- Density
- 1.3171 (rough estimate)
- vapor pressure
- 4.2 x 10-7 at 25 °C (estimated, Howard, 1989)
- refractive index
- 1.6400 (estimate)
- Flash point:
- 10 °C
- storage temp.
- 2-8°C
- solubility
- Soluble in ethanol, benzene, and glacial acetic acid (Windholz et al., 1983)
- pka
- 2.70±0.10(Predicted)
- Water Solubility
- 3.114mg/L(25 ºC)
- Henry's Law Constant
- 4.5 x 10-8 atm?m3/mol at 25 °C (estimated, Howard, 1989)
- Stability:
- Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
- InChIKey
- HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 91-94-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
- NIST Chemistry Reference
- [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichloro-(91-94-1)
- IARC
- 2B (Vol. 29, Sup 7) 1987
- EPA Substance Registry System
- 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (91-94-1)
Safety
- Hazard Codes
- T,N,F
- Risk Statements
- 45-21-43-50/53-52/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-51/53
- Safety Statements
- 53-45-60-61-36/37-16-7
- RIDADR
- UN 3077 9/PG 3
- WGK Germany
- 3
- RTECS
- DD0550000
- HazardClass
- IRRITANT
- HS Code
- 29215900
- Hazardous Substances Data
- 91-94-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
- Toxicity
- Acute oral LD50 for rats as free base or dihydrochloride are 7,070 and 3,820, respectively (Gerade and Gerade, 1974).
Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)
- Symbol(GHS)
-
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
-
H312Harmful in contact with skin
H317May cause an allergic skin reaction
H350May cause cancer
H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
- Precautionary statements
-
P201Obtain special instructions before use.
P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P273Avoid release to the environment.
P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P308+P313IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
N-Bromosuccinimide Price
- Product number
- 48525
- Product name
- 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine
- Purity
- analytical standard
- Packaging
- 100mg
- Price
- $125
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 48029
- Product name
- 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine solution
- Purity
- certified reference material, 2000?μg/mL in methanol
- Packaging
- 1mL
- Price
- $76.9
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 40026
- Product name
- 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine solution
- Purity
- certified reference material, 5000?μg/mL in methanol
- Packaging
- 1mL
- Price
- $37.38
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- D437320
- Product name
- 3,3''-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4''-diamine
- Packaging
- 10g
- Price
- $495
- Updated
- 2021/12/16
- Product number
- D437320
- Product name
- 3,3''-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4''-diamine
- Packaging
- 25g
- Price
- $1100
- Updated
- 2021/12/16
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production
Description
3,30-Dichlorobenzidine is a gray or purplecrystalline solid. Molecular weight =253.14; Boilingpoint =368℃; Freezing/Melting point = 132.8℃;Autoignition temperature =350℃. Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 0,Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Practically insoluble in water;solubility = 0.07% at 15℃.
Chemical Properties
colourless to white crystalline solid
Chemical Properties
3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine is a gray or purple crystalline solid.
Physical properties
Colorless to grayish-purple needles or crystals with a mild or pungent odor
Uses
Intermediate in the manufacture of azo dyes and pigments for printing inks, textiles, paints, plastics, and crayons; curing agent for isocyanate-terminated polymers and resins; rubber compounding ingredient; analytical determination of gold; formerly used as chemical intermediate for direct red 61 dye.
Uses
Used in the production of yellow and red pigments for the printing ink, textile, paper, paint, rubber, plastic, and related industries
Definition
ChEBI: 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is an organochlorine compound, a member of biphenyls and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
General Description
Gray to purple crystalline powder. Insoluble in water. Very toxic. Used in the dye industry, curing agent for isocyanate terminated resins.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
A halogenated amine. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Health Hazard
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (DCB) is carcinogenic in several animal species.
Fire Hazard
Combustible.
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl and NOx.
Potential Exposure
A halide-and amine-substituted aromatic compound used in the dye industry, curing agent for isocyanate terminated resins. The major uses of dichlorobenzidine are in the manufacture of pigments for printing ink, textiles, plastics, and crayons and as a curing agent for solid urethane plastics. There are no substitutes for many of its uses. Additional groups that may be at risk include workers in the printing or graphic arts professions handling the 3,3’-DCB-based azo pigments. 3,3’-DCB may be present as an impurity in the pigments, and there is some evidence that 3,3’-DCB may be metabolically liberated from the azo pigment
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
Carcinogenicity
Studies in several test systems have shown
DCB to be genotoxic in vitro and in vivo and
suggest that this effect most likely mediates the
carcinogenicity of the chemical. In vitro, DCB
has induced sister chromatid exchanges,
unscheduled DNA synthesis, and positive
responses in bacterial Salmonella assays; in vivo
DCB induced micronuclei in polychromatic
erythrocytes in male mice and fetuses.
Because of demonstrated potent carcinogenicity
in multiple animal species, evidence of
genotoxicity, and structural relationship to the
known bladder carcinogen benzidine, DCB
should be regarded as a probable human carcinogen
and exposure by any route should be
avoided.
3,3￠-Dichlorobenzidene has no threshold
limit value (TLV) exposure limit and is classified
as an A3, confirmed animal carcinogen
with unknown relevance to humans, and a
notation for skin absorption.
Source
Synthesized from o-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of NaOH and zinc dust (Shriner et al., 1978).
Environmental Fate
Biological. In activated sludge, 2.7% mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 d (Freitag et al.,
1985). Sikka et al. (1978) reported 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine is resistant to degradation by indigenous
aquatic microbial communities in a 4-wk period. Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions,
3,3′-dichlorobenzidine is mineralized very slowly (Boyd et al., 1984; Chung and Boyd, 1987).
Nyman et al. (1997a) studied the transformation of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine under laboratory
controlled conditions at 20 °C. Wet sediment (50 g) and water (150 mL) from Lake Macatawa,
Holland, MI were placed in glass serum bottles and purged with nitrogen to ensure anaerobic
conditions to which 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine was added. The bottles were incubated in the dark at
20 °C for 12 months. Soil and water samples were retrieved periodically for transformation
product identification using HPLC. The investigators identified 3-chlorobenzidine as a transient
metabolite from the biological transformation of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine. 3-Chlorobenzidine
rapidly dechlorinated forming the end product benzidine.
Photolytic. An aqueous solution subjected to UV radiation caused a rapid degradation (half-life
<10 min) to monochlorobenzidine, benzidine, and several unidentified, brightly-colored, waterinsoluble
chromophores (Banerjee et al., 1978). In a similar experiment, 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine in
an aqueous solution was subjected to radiation at λ=310 nm for approximately 15 min. During the
period of irradiation, concentrations of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine decreased rapidly. 3-Chlorobenzidine
formed as a transient intermediate which underwent dechlorination forming a benzidine,
a stable photoproduct. Depending upon the wavelength used, the benzidine yields ranged from 8
to 12% of the total 3-chlorobenzidine transformed (Nyman et al., 1997). A carbon dioxide yield of
41.2% was achieved when 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine adsorbed on silica gel was irradiated with light
(λ >290 nm) for 17 h (Freitag et al., 1985).
Chemical/Physical. 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine will not hydrolyze to any reasonable extent (Kollig,
1993).
At influent concentrations of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/L, the GAC adsorption capacities at
were 300, 190, 120, and 73 mg/g, respectively (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980).
storage
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, wellventilated area. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored incompliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045
Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required
Purification Methods
Crystallise the benzidine from EtOH, pet ether (m 133o) or *benzene. [Beilstein 13 H 234, 13 I 67, 13 II 106, 13 III 477, 13 IV 384.] CARCINOGEN.
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Achemical base: neutralize acids to form salts plus water with an exothermic reaction. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generatedby amines in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
Toxics Screening Level
The Initial Risk Screening Level (IRSL) for dichlorobenzidine is 0.002 μg/m3 based on an annual averaging time.
Waste Disposal
Incineration (816C, 0.5 second for primary combustion; 1204C, 1.0 second for secondary combustion). The formation of elemental chlorine can be prevented through injection of steam ormethane into the combustion process. nitrogen oxides may be abated through the use of thermal or catalytic devices. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
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View Lastest Price from 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine manufacturers
- Product
- 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 91-94-1
- Price
- US $1.00/KG
- Min. Order
- 1KG
- Purity
- 99%
- Supply Ability
- 20T
- Release date
- 2019-12-31
- Product
- 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 91-94-1
- Price
- US $9.80/KG
- Min. Order
- 1g
- Purity
- ≥99%
- Supply Ability
- 100kg
- Release date
- 2020-01-09