(2S,3S,4R)-2-CARBOXY-4-ISOPROPYL-3-PYRROLIDINEACETIC ACID Property

Melting point:

285 °C (decomp)

Boiling point:

416.6±30.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.187±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

H₂O: >10 mg/mL

form 

solid

pka

2.11±0.60(Predicted)

color 

White

Water Solubility 

Soluble to 25 mM in water

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

20/21/22

Safety Statements 

26-36

WGK Germany 

3

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H312Harmful in contact with skin

H332Harmful if inhaled

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P312Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

P322Specific measures (see …on this label).

P330Rinse mouth.

P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

(2S,3S,4R)-2-CARBOXY-4-ISOPROPYL-3-PYRROLIDINEACETIC ACID Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Dihydrokainic acid (DHK) is an inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2; K_i = 23 μM for glutamate uptake by COS cells expressing EAAT2). It is selective for EEAT2 over EAAT1 and EAAT3 (K_i = >3 mM for both). DHK microinfusion (5 nmol) into the rat infralimbic cortex reduces the time spent immobile in the forced swim test, indicating antidepressant-like behavior, an effect that is blocked by the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX and the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT_1A antagonist WAY-100635 . It also increases glutamate and serotonin levels and the expression of c-Fos in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In contrast, DHK microinjection (6.25 nmol) into the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) increases the latency to drink sucrose in a sucrose intake test, indicating anhedonia-like behavior. It also impairs memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval in mice in the novel object recognition test.

Uses

Dihydrokainic acid has been used as a glutamate transporter (GLT-1) inhibitor in the glutamate uptake assay of astrocytes and glial cells. It may be used as a GLT-1 inhibitor in Lateral habenula (LHb).

Definition

ChEBI: Dihydrokainic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a kainic acid.

Biological Activity

EAAT2(GLT1)-selective non-transportable inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate uptake (K i = 23 μ M). 130-fold selective over EAAT1 and EAAT3 (K i > 3 mM). Also available as part of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitor Tocriset™ .

Biochem/physiol Actions

Dihydrokainic favors neuronal cell death. It modulates anxiety and depression behaviors.

storage

Room temperature