6-beta-acetoxy-3-beta(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8,14-dihydroxybufa-4,20,22-trienolide Property

Melting point:

168-170°

alpha 

D20 -59 to -60° (methanol)

Boiling point:

581.69°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.1882 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.6390 (estimate)

pka

12.88±0.70(Predicted)

EPA Substance Registry System

Scilliroside (507-60-8)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

T+

Risk Statements 

28

Safety Statements 

36/37-45

RIDADR 

2810

HazardClass 

6.1(a)

PackingGroup 

I

Hazardous Substances Data

507-60-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 0.471 s.c.; 0.440 orally (Dybing)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H300Fatal if swallowed

Precautionary statements

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P321Specific treatment (see … on this label).

P330Rinse mouth.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

6-beta-acetoxy-3-beta(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8,14-dihydroxybufa-4,20,22-trienolide Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Red squill (Urginea maritima) is a large onionlike plant that grows in coastal regions along the Mediterranean Sea and in the United States; it contains a variety of cardiac glycosides, including scilliroside. All parts of the plant contain scilliroside but it is most concentrated in the bulb. There is also a white squill whose bulbs are white. Red squill has long been known and used medicinally. The earliest reference to red squill is in the Ebers Papyrus as treatment for dropsy (heart failure). Use as treatment for cough, arthritis, general diuretic, and emetic has also been described. Medicinal use declined during the nineteenth century because foxglove (digitalis) was revealed to be safer and more efficacious in the treatment of heart failure. However, use of red squill as a folk medicinal remedy continues, and deaths and serious illness may occur. Red squill is one of the oldest rodenticides and has been in use since the thirteenth century. However, scilliroside has extremely poor palatability, and many rats learn to avoid the bait. Since 1989, rodenticides containing red squill are not approved for use in the United States.

Uses

Rat poisonings containing scilliroside continue to be available and used worldwide. Technical-grade red squill powders can contain up to 28% scilliroside, and baits typically contain 0.01–0.07% of the toxicant.

Toxicity evaluation

Red squill has a multitude of toxic effects. It is directly irritating to the gastric mucosa, contributing to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anorexia. Rats are not able to vomit, contributing to the perceived selectivity of toxicity in rats. Scilliroside and scillaren A are both cardiac glycosides, and, like digoxin, inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase, block AV conduction, and may cause a slowed or rapid heart rate and abnormal heart rhythms.