Sodium carbonate decahydrate Property

Melting point:

34 °C

Density 

1.46

storage temp. 

Store at +15°C to +25°C.

solubility 

H₂O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

form 

Small Crystals

Specific Gravity

1.46

color 

White

PH

11-12 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃)

Water Solubility 

210 g/L (20 ºC)

Sensitive 

Air Sensitive

Merck 

14,8596

CAS DataBase Reference

6132-02-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

36

Safety Statements 

22-26

RIDADR 

3262

WGK Germany 

1

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2836 20 00

PackingGroup 

III

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 4090 mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H319Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statements

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P337+P313IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

Sodium carbonate decahydrate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Sodium carbonate decahydrate is known as sal soda or washing soda. Its chemical formula is Na2CO3.10H2O. Anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is commonly called soda ash. Sodium carbonate is a white, almost white, or colorless inorganic salt, produced as crystalline powder or granules. It is hygroscopic and odorless with an alkaline taste. The decahydrate, NaCO3.10H2O (washing soda) is a translucent efflorescence crystalline solid. It can be used in the preparation of eutectic hydrate salts, which can be used to remove phase change materials for thermal energy storage. It can also be dehydrated to generate cold heat using a chemical heat pump.

Uses

Sodium carbonate decahydrate is used as a raw material in various industries like glass, paper making, soap, detergent, textile and leather. It is also used as a food additive. It is also involved as a precipitation agent of carbonate as well as an analytical reagent in laboratories. It plays an important role as strong base and powerful electrolyte. It finds application in metal refining and cement production.

Definition

ChEBI: Sodium carbonate decahydrate is an organooxygen compound.

Production Methods

Sodium carbonate is produced by the ammonia-soda process, also known as the Solvay process.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sodium carbonate is used as an alkalizing agent in injectable, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal formulations. In effervescent tablets or granules, sodium carbonate is used in combination with an acid, typically citric acid or tartaric acid. When the tablets or granules come into contact with water, an acid– base reaction occurs in which carbon dioxide gas is produced and the product disintegrates. Raw materials with low moisture contents are required to prevent the early triggering of the effervescent reaction.
As an alkalizing agent, concentrations of sodium carbonate between 2% and 5% w/w are used in compressed tablet formulations. As an effervescent agent, concentrations of sodium carbonate up to 10% w/w can be used.
Therapeutically, sodium carbonate is also used as an oral antacid.

Safety

Sodium carbonate is used in injectable, oral, and rectal pharmaceutical formulations. The pure form of sodium carbonate is mildly toxic by ingestion, moderately toxic by inhalation and SC routes, and very toxic by the IP route. It is irritating to the skin and eyes. Dust and vapors of sodium carbonate may irritate mucous membranes, causing coughing and shortness of breath. It also has experimental reproductive effects.
Sodium carbonate can migrate to food from packaging materials. When used as an excipient or antacid, sodium carbonate is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritating material.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.12 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 2.21 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 4.09 g/kg

storage

Sodium carbonate converts to the monohydrate form when in contact with water and produces heat. It begins to lose carbon dioxide at temperatures above 400℃ and decomposes before boiling. Store in airtight containers.

Incompatibilities

Sodium carbonate decomposes when in contact with acids in the presence of water to produce carbon dioxide and effervescence. It may react violently with aluminum, phosphorous pentoxide, sulfuric acid, fluorine, and lithium.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; ophthalmic solution; oral capsules and tablets; rectal suspensions). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in parenteral (powder for solution for injection) and nonparenteral medicines (oral effervescent tablets, soluble tablets, granules, lozenges, chewing gums) licensed in the UK.
USP32–NF27 allows either the anhydrous or the monohydrate form.