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HOLMIUM

Product Name
HOLMIUM
CAS No.
7440-60-0
Chemical Name
HOLMIUM
Synonyms
Ho;VRBD;HOLMIUM;HO000220;HO006010;HO007905;HO000205;HO000215;HO007910;HO000210
CBNumber
CB9194032
Molecular Formula
Ho
Formula Weight
164.93
MOL File
7440-60-0.mol
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HOLMIUM Property

Melting point:
1474 °C
Boiling point:
2695 °C
Density 
8.8 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
solubility 
soluble in dilute acid solutions
form 
ingot
color 
Silver-gray
Specific Gravity
8.795
Water Solubility 
reacts slowly with H2O, soluble dilute acids [HAW93]
Sensitive 
Air & Moisture Sensitive
Merck 
13,4747
Exposure limits
ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
CAS DataBase Reference
7440-60-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System
Holmium (7440-60-0)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
C,F,O
Risk Statements 
34-11-8
Safety Statements 
22-24/25-36-26-23-45-36/37/39-27
RIDADR 
UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 
3
1-10
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
4.1
PackingGroup 
II
HS Code 
28053090
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H228Flammable solid

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P240Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.

P241Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P370+P378In case of fire: Use … for extinction.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
457957
Product name
Holmium
Purity
chips, 99.9% trace metals basis
Packaging
5g
Price
$173
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
693693
Product name
Holmium
Purity
foil, thickness 1mm, 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis
Packaging
1ea
Price
$796
Updated
2023/01/07
Alfa Aesar
Product number
035762
Product name
Holmium plasma standard solution
Packaging
50mL
Price
$62.65
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
035762
Product name
Holmium plasma standard solution
Packaging
100mL
Price
$103.65
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
035756
Product name
Holmium plasma standard solution
Packaging
100mL
Price
$69.65
Updated
2024/03/01
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HOLMIUM Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6uB) of any naturally occurring element. Because of this it has been used to create the highest known magnetic fields by placing it within high strength magnets as a pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator.
This magnetic property also has value in Yttrium-Iron-Garnet (YIG) lasers for microwave equipment.
Holmium lasers emit at a human eye safe 2.08 microns allowing its use in a variety of medical and dental applications in both Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG) and Yttrium-Lanthanum-Fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers. The wavelength allows for use in silica fibers designed for shorter wavelengths while still providing the cutting strength of longer wave length equipment.
Holmium is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium Metal, is mainly used for making speciality alloys and superconductive materials. Holmium is used in Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG) and Yttrium-Lanthanum-Fluoride (YLF) solid-state lasers found inmicrowave equipment (which are in turn found in a variety of medical and dental settings). Holmium lasers are used in medical, dental, and fiber-optical applications. Holmium is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring. Holmium Metal can be further processed to various shapes of ingots, pieces, wires, foils, slabs, rods, discs and powder.

Chemical Properties

grey metal ingot

Physical properties

Holmium is a crystal-like, solid rare-earth with a metallic luster. It is one of the more scarceelements of the lanthanide series. It is soft, like lead, and can be hammered and pounded intothin sheets.
Its melting point is 1,474°C, its boiling point is 2,700°C, and its density is 8.79g/cm3.

Isotopes

There are a total of 57 isotopes of holmium. Only one of these, Ho-165, is stable,and it is the only isotope found in the Earth’s crust. All the other 56 isotopes havehalf-lives of a few milliseconds to 1.20×10+3 years, the half-life of Ho-166.

Origin of Name

Derived from the Latin word for the ancient city named Holmia (present- day Stockholm, located in Sweden).

Occurrence

Holmium is the 12th most abundant of the rare-earths found in the Earth’s crust. Althoughit is the 50th most abundant element on Earth, it is one of the least abundant lanthanide metals.It is found in gadolinite and the monazite sands of South Africa and Australia and in thebeach sands of Florida and the Carolinas in the United States. Monazite sand contains about a50% mixture of the rare-earths, but only 0.05% by weight is holmium. Today, small quantitiesof holmium are produced by the ion-exchange process.

History

The spectral absorption bands of holmium were noticed in 1878 by the Swiss chemists Delafontaine and Soret, who announced the existence of an “Element X.” Cleve, of Sweden, later independently discovered the element while working on erbia earth. Holmium is named after Cleve’s native city. Pure holmia, the yellow oxide, was prepared by Homberg in 1911. Holmium occurs in gadolinite, monazite, and in other rare-earth minerals. It is commercially obtained from monazite, occurring in that mineral to the extent of about 0.05%. It has been isolated by the reduction of its anhydrous chloride or fluoride with calcium metal. Pure holmium has a metallicto bright silver luster. It is relatively soft and malleable, and is stable in dry air at room temperature, but rapidly oxidizes in moist air and at elevated temperatures. Holmium has unusual magnetic properties. Few uses have yet been found for the element. The element, as with other rare earths, seems to have a low acute toxic rating. Natural holmium consists of one isotope 165Ho, which is not radioactive. Holmium has 49 other isotopes known, all of which are radioactive. The price of 99.9% holmium metal is about $20/g.

Characteristics

Although stable at room temperatures, holmium will corrode at higher temperatures andhumidity. Its oxide coating is a yellowish film that reacts slowly with water and dissolves inweak acids. Holmium has one of the highest magnetic properties of any substance, but it haslittle commercial use.

Uses

Holmium has just a few commercial uses, but it could be developed to produce items requiringstrong permanent magnets. It is used for filaments in vacuum tubes and in electrochemistry.It is also used to help identify the atomic weights of elements by spectroscopy, which identifiesthe unique lines produced by each element when viewed through a spectroscope. It also haslimited use as neutron absorber in nuclear reactors and as coloring agent for glass.

Uses

Getter in vacuum tubes, research in electrochemistry, spectroscopy.

Uses

Used in Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes, including thermal and electron-beam (e-beam) evaporation, for the preparation of thin films.

Production Methods

Holmium is obtained from monazite, bastnasite and other rare-earth minerals as a by-product during recovery of dysprosium, thulium and other rareearth metals. The recovery steps in production of all lanthanide elements arevery similar. These involve breaking up ores by treatment with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or by caustic fusion; separation of rare-earths by ionexchange processes; conversion to halide salts; and reduction of the halide(s)to metal (See Dysprosium, Gadolinium and Erbium).
Bulk holmium metal is prepared by reduction of holmium chloride or fluo-ride by sodium, calcium, or magnesium in a tantalum crucible under argonatmosphere:
2HoF3 + 3Ca → 3CaF2 + 2Ho
Pure holmium metal is obtained by distillation of crude metal at 1,500°C.

Definition

Metallic element of atomic number 67, group IIIB of the periodic table, one of the rare-earth elements of the yttrium subgroup, aw 164.9303, valence of 3, no stable isotopes.

Definition

A soft malleable silvery element of the lanthanoid series of metals. It occurs in association with other lanthanoids. It has few applications. Symbol: Ho; m.p. 1474°C; b.p. 2695°C; r.d. 8.795 (25°C); p.n. 67; r.a.m. 164.93032.

Definition

holmium: Symbol Ho. A soft silverymetallic element belonging to thelanthanoids; a.n. 67; r.a.m. 164.93;r.d. 8.795 (20°C); m.p. 1474°C; b.p.2695°C. It occurs in apatite, xenotime,and some other rare-earth minerals.There is one natural isotope,holmium–165; eighteen artificial isotopeshave been produced. There areno uses for the element, which wasdiscovered by Per Cleve (1840–1905)and J. L. Soret in 1879.

General Description

Holmium Wavelength Calibration Standard is a high-quality secondary reference standard offered as a suitable alternative to NBS Holmium Oxide Solution (No. 2034). It is used to establish the accuracy of conventional spectrophotometers in the spectral range 240 to 650 nm. The product consists of Holmium perchlorate (15% w/v) in 10% perchloric acid.

Hazard

Because holmium is produced in such very small amounts, it is not a potential hazard tothe general public. However, professional chemists take the same precautions as they do withother rare-earths.

HOLMIUM Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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HOLMIUM Suppliers

J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
Tel
010-82848833 400-666-7788
Fax
86-10-82849933
Email
jkinfo@jkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
96815
Advantage
76
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
4006608290; 18621169109
Fax
86-21-61259102
Email
market03@meryer.com
Country
China
ProdList
40241
Advantage
62
Alfa Aesar
Tel
400-6106006
Fax
021-67582001/03/05
Email
saleschina@alfa-asia.com
Country
China
ProdList
30132
Advantage
84
BeiJing Hwrk Chemicals Limted
Tel
0757-86329057 18501085097
Fax
010-89508210
Email
sales3.gd@hwrkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
7508
Advantage
55
Energy Chemical
Tel
021-021-58432009 400-005-6266
Fax
021-58436166
Email
sales8178@energy-chemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
44751
Advantage
61
Shanghai Hanhong Scientific Co.,Ltd.
Tel
021-54306202 13764082696;
Email
info@hanhongsci.com
Country
China
ProdList
42982
Advantage
64
Shandong Xiya Chemical Co., Ltd
Tel
4009903999 13355009207
Fax
0539-6365991
Email
3007715519@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
18736
Advantage
57
BEST-REAGENT
Tel
400-1166-196 18981987031
Fax
028-84555506 800101999
Email
cdhxsj@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
11726
Advantage
57
Spectrum Chemical Manufacturing Corp.
Tel
021-021-021-67601398-809-809-809 15221380277
Fax
021-57711696
Email
marketing_china@spectrumchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
9664
Advantage
60
Chengdu Ai Keda Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
4008-755-333 18080918076
Fax
028-86757656
Email
800078821@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
9725
Advantage
55

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