Methylene Blue trihydrate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

190 °C (dec.)(lit.)

Density 

0.98 g/mL at 25 °C

Flash point:

14 °C

storage temp. 

no restrictions.

solubility 

Soluble in water, chloroform; sparingly soluble in ethanol

form 

Solid

pka

2.6, 11.2(at 25℃)

Colour Index 

52015

color 

Green

Water Solubility 

4 g/100 mL

λmax

668 nm, 609 nm

Merck 

13,6085

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, strong oxidizing agents.

Biological Applications

Diagnosis of tauopathy,Alzheimer’s disease (AD),Pick’s disease; treating prophylaxis; dental materials

InChIKey

YAFGUSOAMIMROI-UHFFFAOYSA-M

CAS DataBase Reference

7220-79-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

IARC

3 (Vol. 108) 2016

EPA Substance Registry System

Methylene blue trihydrate (7220-79-3)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xn,F

Risk Statements 

22-36/37/38-11

Safety Statements 

26-36-24/25-16-7

RIDADR 

UN 1170 3/PG 2

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

SP5740000

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

32129000

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride
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Methylene Blue trihydrate Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Methylene Blue trihydrate is a dark green crystalline powder that has a bronze-like luster. When dissolved in water or alcohol, it creates a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It can also inhibit guanylate cyclase and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and lower levels of methemoglobin.

Uses

Methylene Blue trihydrate finds many uses in biology and chemistry. It acts as a GCS inhibitor, biological stain and redox indicator. It inhibits tau filament formation. Further, it is reported to bind to the M2 subtype of muscarinic receptors in rat cardiac myocytes and thus exhibit antimuscarinic effects on IK, ACh and ICa. It also inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated blood vessels.

Application

Methylene blue is not an officially restricted drug. It is mainly used to control water mildew and small melon insects. It can replace malachite green. Methylene blue dissolved in water does little harm to fish. In addition, the drug has made achievements in many fields such as industry, medicine and skin care. Even the drug will be applied to more difficult cancer diseases. Methylene blue is more effective in the treatment of non advanced fish diseases. Methylene blue is an oxidant, which can oxidize nitrite into nitrate, inhibit and kill bacteria. However, it also has a certain impact on nitrifying bacteria, so some measures should be taken after use.
Methylene blue can be used in the manufacture of ink and lakes and the dyeing of biological and bacterial tissues. It can be used for dyeing cotton, hemp, silk fabrics, paper and bamboo and wood. It can also be mixed with crystal violet and yellow dextrin in the ratio of 78:13:9 to form alkaline magenta blue.

Preparation

Methylene blue is synthesized commercially by oxidation of N,N-dimethyl-phenylenediamine with sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) in the presence of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), followed by further oxidation in the presence of N,N-dimethylaniline (NTP, 2008). Methylene blue hydrochloride is isolated by addition of 30% hydrochloric acid and of a saturated common salt solution to the dye solution; after filtration, the product is washed with a 2% common salt solution. Instead of sodium dichromate, manganese dioxide, and catalytic amounts of copper sulfate can be used for the oxidation (Berneth, 2008).
Methylene blue of high purity can be obtained by chloroform extraction of impurities from solutions of raw dye in borate buffer at pH 9.5–10, followed by acidification of the aqueous solution and isolation of the dye (Berneth, 2008).
IARC Monographs

General Description

Methylene blue trihydrate appears as odorless or almost odorless dark green crystals with bronze luster or dark green crystalline powder. pH (1% solution in water) 3 to 4.5. (NTP, 1992)

Air & Water Reactions

Hygroscopic. Water soluble. Gives a blue solution in water.

Reactivity Profile

Methylene Blue trihydrate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, caustics, alkali metal iodides and reducing agents. Also incompatible with dichromates. Methylene Blue trihydrate forms double salts with many inorganic salts. Is bleached reversibly by (zinc + hydrochloric acid) or sodium hydrosulfite. In aqueous solution, Methylene Blue trihydrate is decolorized by zinc dust and dilute sulfuric acid, but the color is restored upon exposure to air and more rapidly upon addition of ammonium hydroxide.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Methylene Blue trihydrate are not available; however, Methylene Blue trihydrate is probably combustible.

storage

Room temperature

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