Molinate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

<25 °C

Boiling point:

202°C (10 mmHg)

Density 

1.06

refractive index 

1.5250 (estimate)

Flash point:

100 °C

storage temp. 

0-6°C

solubility 

Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)

pka

-1.22±0.20(Predicted)

form 

Liquid

color 

Amber

Water Solubility 

0.08 g/100 mL

BRN 

1239196

LogP

3.210

CAS DataBase Reference

2212-67-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Molinate(2212-67-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

Molinate (2212-67-1)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

T,N,Xn

Risk Statements 

20/22-40-43-48/22-63-50/53-62

Safety Statements 

36/37-46-60-61

RIDADR 

2902

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

CM2625000

HazardClass 

6.1(b)

PackingGroup 

III

Hazardous Substances Data

2212-67-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LC50 (96-hour) for bluegill sunfish 29–30 mg/L, goldfish 30 mg/L, mosquito fish 16.4 mg/L, rainbow trout 0.2–1.3 mg/L (Hartley and Kidd, 1987); acute oral LD50 of technical molinate for rats and mice 720 and 795 mg/kg, respectively (Ashton and Monaco, 1991), 501 mg/kg (RTECS, 1985).

MSDS

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Molinate Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Selective herbicide used to control the germination of annual grasses and broadleaved weeds in rice crops.

Definition

ChEBI: Molinate is a member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent, a herbicide and an agrochemical. It is a member of azepanes and a monothiocarbamic ester.

General Description

Clear liquid with aromatic odor. Non corrosive. Used as an herbicide.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble. Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

Reactivity Profile

Molinate is a thiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.

Agricultural Uses

Herbicide: Molinate is a selective herbicide used on rice for the control of water grass and other weeds.

Trade name

ARROSOLO®; FELAN®; HIGALNATE®; HYDRAM®; JALAN®; MALERBANE-GIAVONI-L®;ORDAM®; ORDRAM®; R-4572®; RICECO; SAKKIMOL®; STAUFFER R 4,572®; YALAN®; YULAN®

Environmental Fate

Soil. Hydrolyzes in soil forming ethyl mercaptan, carbon dioxide and dialkylamine (half-life approximately 2–5 weeks) (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). At recommended rates of application, the half-life of molinate in moist loam soils at 21–27°C is approximately 3 weeks (Humburg et al., 1989). Rajagopal et al. (1989) reported that under flooded conditions, molinate was hydroxylated at the 3- and 4-position with subsequent oxidation forming many compounds including molinate sulfoxide, carboxymethyl molinate, hexahydroazepine- 1-carbothioate, 4-hydroxymolinate, 4-hydroxymolinate sulfoxide, hexahydroazepine, S-methyl hexahydroazepine-1-carbothioate, 4-ketomolinate, 4-hydroxyhexahydroazepine, 4-hydroxy-N-acetyl-hexahydroazepine, carbon dioxide and bound residues.
Plant. Molinate is rapidly metabolized by plants releasing carbon dioxide and naturally occurring plant constituents (Humburg et al., 1989).
Photolytic. Molinate in a hydrogen peroxide solution (120 mM) was irradiated by UV light (l = 290 nm) at 23°C. The major photooxidation products were the two isomers of 2-oxomolinate (20% yield) and s-molinate oxide (5% yield) (Draper and Crosby, 1984).
Half-lives of 180 and 120 hours were observed using one and two equivalents of hydrogen peroxide, respectively (Draper and Crosby, 1984). Molinate has a UV absorption maximum at 225 nm and no absorption at wavelengths >290 nm. Therefore, molinate is not expected to undergo aqueous photolysis under natural sunlight (l = 290 nm). In the presence of tryptophan, a naturally occurring photosensitizer, molinate in aqueous solution photodegraded to form 1-((ethylsulfinyl)carbonyl)hexahydro-1H-azepine, S-ethyl hexahydro-2- oxo-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate and hexamethyleneimine (Soderquist et al., 1977).
Chemical/Physical. Metabolites identified in tap water were molinate sulfoxide, 3- and 4-hydroxymolinate, ketohexamethyleneimine and 4-ketomolinate (Verschueren, 1983).

Metabolic pathway

Juvenile white sturgeon and common carp are exposed to 14C-molinate in a flow-through metabolism system and oxidize molinate to form several products and hydrolyze or conjugate with glutathione (GSH), the sulfoxide, or sulfone. Both fish form a D-glucuronic acid conjugate. The higher toxicity of molinate in common carp may be due to greater bioconcentration, slower depuration, and less efficient metabolic deactivation. In the blood of common carp, molinate is oxidized by erythrocytes to the sulfoxide and possibly the sulfone, then conjugated with GSH or cysteine and cleaved to form mercapturic acid in both erythrocytes and plasma. Conjugation and possible hemoglobin carbamylation occur only after sulfoxidation of molinate. Molinate is distributed uniformly throughout the soil layers, and its degradation products are identified as 2-oxomolinate, 4-oxomolinate, molinate acid, and hexamethyleneimine. In rice plants, 4-hydroxymolinate, 2-oxomolinate, 4-oxomolinate, S-ethyl-N-carboxymethylthiocarbamate, molinate acid, and molinate alcohol are detected. By the soil microorganisms, oxidation of the S-ethyl moiety is considered to be the main pathway, and hydroxy and oxoderivatives on the azepine ring are identified.

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