ENDOTHAL Chemical Properties

Melting point:

179-180℃

Boiling point:

447.8±40.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.431 g/cm³

storage temp. 

+2C to +8C

solubility 

DMF: 15 mg/ml,DMSO: 15 mg/ml,Ethanol: 15 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 0.2 mg/ml

form 

White solid

pka

3.62±0.40(Predicted)

Water Solubility 

Soluble in water (>25 mg/ml), methanol, acetone, and DMSO. Insoluble in benzene.

Stability:

Hygroscopic

CAS DataBase Reference

145-73-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

Endothall (145-73-3)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

T

Risk Statements 

21-25-36/37/38

Safety Statements 

36/37/39-45

RIDADR 

UN 2811 6.1/PG 2

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

RN7875000

HazardClass 

6.1(a)

PackingGroup 

II

Hazardous Substances Data

145-73-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 in adult male, female rats (mg/kg): 57, 46 orally (Gaines, Linder)

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich

ENDOTHAL Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Endothall, when pure, is a white crystalline solid. The technical grade is a light brown liquid

Uses

Defoliant, herbicide.

Uses

Preemergence and postemergence herbicide for control of broad-leaved weeds and annual grass in vegetable crops. The disodium and dipotassium salts are used as defoliants and herbicides.

Uses

Endothall is used as an inhibitor of PP2A phosphatase activity. It is also used as a defoliant. It is used as a cell adhesion inhibitor.

General Description

The monohydrate is in the form of colorless crystals. Non corrosive. Used as a selective herbicide.

Air & Water Reactions

Stable up to 90°C, above which ENDOTHAL undergoes slow hydrolysis.

Reactivity Profile

A phthalic acid derivative.

Hazard

Strong irritant to eyes and skin.

Agricultural Uses

Herbicide, Algaecide: Endothall is used as a cotton defoliant and as a selective contact herbicide on both terrestrial and aquatic weeds. The potassium and amine salts of endothall are used as aquatic herbicides to control a variety of plants including plankton, pondweed, niad, coontail, milfoil, elodea, and algaes in water bodies and rice fields. Endothall is also used to control annual grass and broadleaf weeds in sugar beets, spinach and turf. It reduces sucker branch growth in hops. Endothall is a desiccant to aid the harvest of alfalfa, potatoes, clover, and cotton. Not approved for use in EU countries. Approved for use in the U.S. and other countries. There are 24 global suppliers.

Trade name

ACCELERATE®; AQUATHOL®; DES-I-CATE®; HYDOUT®; HYDROTHAL-47®; HYDROTHOL®; NIAGARATHOL®; RIPENTHOL®; TRI-ENDOTHAL®

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion. Very irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Causes dlarrhea. When heatedto decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes

Potential Exposure

Endothall is dicarboxylic acid defoliant and herbicide used on both terrestrial and aquatic weeds.

First aid

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least

Environmental Fate

Biological. Incubation of 14C-ring labeled endothall (10 mg/mL) by Arthrobacter sp., which was isolated from pond water and a hydrosol, in aerobic sediment-water suspensions revealed that after 30 days, 40% evolved as 14CO2. Glutamic acid was the major transformation product. Minor products were alanine, citric and aspartic acids and unidentified products, some of which were tentatively identified as phosphate esters (Sikka and Saxena, 1973). In pond water treated with endothall (2 and 4 ppm), detectable levels were found after 7 days (Sikka and Rice, 1973). Biodegradation was rapid in an Ontario soil sample. After 1 week, 70% of endothall added was converted to carbon dioxide (Simsiman et al., 1976).
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with bases forming water-soluble salts. Above 90°C, endothall is slowly converted to the anhydride (Windholz et al., 1983; Hartley and Kidd, 1987) and water (Humburg et al., 1989). Endothall is stable to light (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).

Shipping

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2588 Pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Incompatibilities

Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic, and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur)

Waste Disposal

Small quantities may be disposed of by burial in soil which is rich in organic matter. Large quantities are best disposed of by incineration. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (5100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office

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