Benzathine benzylpenicillin Property

Melting point:

123-124°

alpha 

D25 +206° (c = 0.105 in formamide)

solubility 

Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in dimethylformamide and in formamide, slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).

form 

Solid

color 

Crystals

CAS DataBase Reference

1538-09-6

EPA Substance Registry System

4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]- (2S,5R,6R)-, compd. with N,N'-bis(phenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (2:1) (1538-09-6)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-42/43

Safety Statements 

36

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

XH9425000

Toxicity

LD50 orl-mus: 2000 mg/kg NIIRDN 6,774,82

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H334May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P284Wear respiratory protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

Benzathine benzylpenicillin Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Benzathine penicillin and procaine penicillin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in your body. Benzathine penicillin and procaine penicillin is used to treat many different types of severe infections, including strep and staph infections, diphtheria, meningitis, gonorrhea, and syphilis. It is also used to prevent rheumatic fever. It is given by injection into a muscle. Belonging to a penicillin-class drug, its mechanism of action is inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of bacteria, further killing bacteria.

Chemical Properties

White or almost white powder.

Originator

Bicillin,Wyeth,US,1951

Uses

The benzathine salt of penicillin G, an antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including Staphylococcus aureus.

Uses

Benzathine benzylpenicillin is used as a Penicillin antibacterial.

Manufacturing Process

Ethylenediamine (15 g, 0.25 mol) was added dropwise to 100 ml 98-100% formic acid in a two-necked 500 ml flask, fitted with an addition tube and reflux condenser with drying tube, cooled in an ice-bath. After complete addition of the base, 53 g of benzaldehyde (0.5 mol) was added in one lot. The ice-bath was removed and the flask was heated to the refluxing temperature. The initial rate of carbon dioxide evolution was too rapid to measure. After twenty minutes, the rate was circa 100 ml per minute and decreased rapidly to 8 ml per minute in one hour. Heating at reflux was continued for 35 hours.
Following the refluxing most of the excess formic acid was removed under reduced pressure. Hydrochloric acid (200 ml 6 N) was added to the viscous amber residue and heated under reflux, After 15 minutes, bumping necessitated cooling and filtering to remove crystalline dihydrochloride, which after washing with isopropanol was dried, MP circa 300°C. The mother liquors were refluxed one hour and cooled, obtaining an additional amount of product, MP circa 300°C. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to 100 ml, cooled and made alkaline with 40% NaOH. The supernatant oil was extracted with ether, dried, and fractionated from a stillpot packed with glass wool and heated in a sand-bath at 320°C. The first fraction at 106°C at 0.6-0.7 mm was Nbenzylethylenediamine (dipicrate, MP 222°C). The N,N'dibenzylethylenediamine was collected at 177°C to 206°C at 0.6-1.0 mm as a colorless liquid.
To a solution of 60 g of sodium penicillin G in 800 cc of distilled water cooled to 0°C to 4°C in an ice-bath, a solution of 35 g of N,N'dibenzylethylenediamine diacetate in 200 cc of distilled water is added dropwise with stirring. The thick slurry is filtered with suction, washed twice with 100 cc of cold water, dried by suction and spread out in a thin layer for completion of drying. The product weighed 80 g.
The air-dried powder has a broad melting point, sintering at 100°C, melting above 110°C to a cloudy liquid becoming clear at 135°C.

Therapeutic Function

Antibacterial

Clinical Use

Since penicillin G benzathine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediaminedipenicillin G (Bicillin, Permapen), is the salt of a diamine,2 moles of penicillin are available from each molecule. It isvery insoluble in water, requiring about 3,000 mL to dissolve1 g. This property gives the compound great stabilityand prolonged duration of effect. At the pH of gastric juice,it is quite stable, and food intake does not interfere with itsabsorption. It is available in tablet form and in several parenteralpreparations. The activity of penicillin G benzathineis equivalent to 1,211 units/mg.Several other amines have been used to make penicillinsalts, and research is continuing on this subject. Otheramines that have been used include 2-chloroprocaine; L-Nmethyl-1,2-diphenyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (L-ephenamine);dibenzylamine; tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine); and N,N'-bis-(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine (hydrabamine).

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects.When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumesof NOx and SOx. See other penicillin entries.