CODEINE PHOSPHATE Property

solubility 

Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble or very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).

form 

A crystalline solid

BCS Class

3

CAS DataBase Reference

41444-62-6

Safety

HS Code 

2939110000

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H301Toxic if swalloed

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H334May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled

H361Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child

Precautionary statements

P201Obtain special instructions before use.

P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P281Use personal protective equipment as required.

P285In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P341IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P308+P313IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

P321Specific treatment (see … on this label).

P330Rinse mouth.

P333+P313IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P342+P311IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

CODEINE PHOSPHATE Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

White or almost white, crystalline powder or small, colourless crystals.

Originator

Actacode Linctus,Sigma

Uses

Antitussive; analgesic (narcotic).

brand name

Ambenyl Cough Syrup (Parke-Davis); Colrex Compound (Solvay Pharmaceuticals).

Therapeutic Function

Narcotic analgesic, Antitussive

Clinical Use

Codeine is used extensively to treat moderate to mild pain. Codeine is a weak μ agonist, but approximately 10% of an oral dose (30–60 mg) is metabolized to morphine, which contributes significantly to its analgesic effect. The plasma half-life of codeine after oral dose is 3.5 hours. The dose of codeine needed to produce analgesia after parenteral dose causes releases of histamine sufficient to produce hypotension, pruritus, and other allergic responses. Thus, administration of codeine by parenteral route is not recommended.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

In small animal medicine, codeine is used principally as an oral analgesic when salicylates are not effective and parenteral opiates are not warranted. It may also be useful as an antitussive or an antidiarrheal.

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antibacterials: metabolism increased by rifampicin.
Antidepressants: possible CNS excitation or depression with MAOIs - avoid concomitant use, and for 2 weeks after stopping MAOI; possible CNS excitation or depression with moclobemide; increased sedative effects with tricyclics.
Antihistamines: increased sedative effects with sedating antihistamines.
Antipsychotics: enhanced hypotensive and sedative effects.
Dopaminergics: avoid with selegiline.
Nalmefene: avoid concomitant use.
Sodium oxybate: enhanced effect of sodium oxybate - avoid.

Metabolism

Codeine is metabolised by O- and N-demethylation in the liver to morphine, norcodeine, and other metabolites including normorphine and hydrocodone. Metabolism to morphine is mediated by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2D6, which shows genetic polymorphism.
Codeine and its metabolites are excreted almost entirely by the kidney, mainly as conjugates with glucuronic acid.