Discovery Properties Receptors Signal transduction pathway Biological functions Synthesis and release
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CRF (OVINE)

Discovery Properties Receptors Signal transduction pathway Biological functions Synthesis and release
Product Name
CRF (OVINE)
CAS No.
9015-71-8
Chemical Name
CRF (OVINE)
Synonyms
CRF;CRH;CRF, CRH;CRF (OVINE);CRF (hormone);Corticoliberin;Acth releasing factor;Acth-releasing factor;Acth releasing hormone;Acth-releasing hormone
CBNumber
CB0680088
Molecular Formula
C205H339N59O63S1
Formula Weight
4670.31
MOL File
Mol file
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CRF (OVINE) Property

storage temp. 
−20°C
form 
Solid
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Safety

WGK Germany 
3
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
C3167
Product name
Corticotropin Releasing Factor sheep
Purity
≥95% (HPLC)
Packaging
250μg
Price
$237.6
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
C3167
Product name
Corticotropin Releasing Factor sheep
Purity
≥95% (HPLC)
Packaging
0.5mg
Price
$1040
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
C3167
Product name
Corticotropin Releasing Factor sheep
Purity
≥95% (HPLC)
Packaging
1mg
Price
$1820
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
J66708
Product name
Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine
Packaging
0.5mg
Price
$258
Updated
2023/06/20
Alfa Aesar
Product number
J66708
Product name
Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine
Packaging
1mg
Price
$357
Updated
2021/12/16
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CRF (OVINE) Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Discovery

The first evidence of a hypothalamic corticotropinreleasing substance was reported in 1955.The presence of a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was first reported in the ovine hypothalamus in 1981. Subsequently, CRH was found in the human, mouse, rat, pig, amphibian (Xenopus), teleost fish, cartilaginous fish, and lamprey. Novel members of the CRH family, CRH26,  and teleocortin (Tcn), have recently been reported in vertebrates (except teleosts and placental mammals) and the medaka, respectively.

Properties

Human/mouse/rat CRH: Mr 4758; pI 5.1. CRH peptides are freely soluble in water. The oxidation of methionine at position 21 remarkably decreases the activity of CRH.

Receptors

Three types of CRH receptors have been identified.  They belong to the family of seven-transmembrane-domain GPCRs and activate AC. Type-1 (CRHR1) and type-2 (CRHR2) receptors were identified in mammals, chicken, Xenopus, and teleosts. The type-3 receptor (CRHR3) was found in catfish. In mammals, the CRHR1 gene consists of 13 exons and 12 introns. The CRHR2 gene in humans consists of 12 exons and 11 introns, and three splice variants (CRHR2α, 2β, and 2γ) have been found; 2–12 exons are common to the three splice variants, and the first exon is specific for each variant. CRH binds to CRHR1 with high affinity. CRHR1 is mainly distributed in the anterior pituitary, and is involved in ACTH release. CRH also has high affinity to CRHR3. However, CRHR2 exhibits low affinity to CRH but high affinity to urotensin-I,sauvagine, and urocortins. CRHR2 is distributed in several restricted regions of the brain, but also in peripheral organs such as the heart, lung, muscle, and kidney. The CRH binding protein (CRH-BP, 37 kDa) has been highly conserved across evolution from crustaceans to humans. CRH-BP binds to CRH with high affinity and regulates CRH effects. In both mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates, pituitary and brain CRH-BP expression in the brain and pituitary are predominantly increased by stress. In the chicken, CRH2 is more potent in activating CRHR2 than CRHR1. In the medaka, Tcn and CRH have similar receptor interaction properties.

Signal transduction pathway

CRH activates AC via Gs protein-coupled with CRHRs. AC stimulates cAMP production, and cAMP, in turn, activates PKA, which phosphorylates downstream of cytosolic and nuclear targets such as CREB, resulting in induced gene transcription. Moreover, it is known that in addition to signaling pathways activated by cAMP, CRHR1 and CRHR2 trigger multiple signaling pathways such as the activation of p42/44 MAPK (ERK1/2).

Biological functions

CRH stimulates the synthesis and processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) to generate ACTH in the anterior pituitary. CRH also stimulates ACTH release. ACTH is secreted into the systemic circulation, reaches the adrenal cortex, and stimulates the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids. CRH also acts as a neuromodulator in the brain. CRH in the brain regulates the endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, and immune system in response to stress. In addition to the stress response, CRH is involved in multiple physiological functions such as suppression of food intake, regulation of body temperature, growth, metabolism, metamorphosis, reproduction, and diuresis. In mammals, CRH inhibits the female reproductive axis by suppressing gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. CRH2 stimulates TSHβ expression and shows a lower potency in inducing ACTH secretion in vitro in the chicken.

Synthesis and release

The synthesis and release of CRH are regulated by internal or external stress that is conveyed to the brain and is integrated at the hypothalamus, where CRH neurons exist. The synthesis and release of CRH are also regulated by diurnal rhythm and the negative feedback effect of cortisol. In nocturnal rats, CRH mRNA levels are higher at midday than at midnight. CRH is released from the axon terminal depending on Ca2+.

Description

CRH is a key activator of the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis in response to internal or external stresses by stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the pituitary.

Biochem/physiol Actions

CRF is a hypothalamic peptide that releases ACTH and endorphin from the anterior pituitary. It is also a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and is involved in autonomic and endocrine responses to stress.

Clinical Use

Clinical implications
Increased CRH production has been suggested to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease and depression. CRH deficiency has been observed to induce hypoglycemia and hepatitis. CRH has been used in the diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease.
Use for diagnosis and treatment
CRHR1 antagonists Pexacerfont and Antalarmin are under clinical trial for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder as well as depression and other mental disorders, respectively

Structure and conformation

CRH peptides of all species examined consist of 41 aa residues with an amidated C-terminus. The C-terminal region is important for physiological activity. The human, mouse, and rat CRH have identical aa sequences. CRH sequence homologies between human/mouse/rat and others are high (76%–95%). CRH2 peptides consist of 40–43 aa residues with an amidated C-terminus.

CRF (OVINE) Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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CRF (OVINE) Suppliers

GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd
Tel
21-61263452 13641803416
Fax
86-21-61263399
Email
ymbetter@glbiochem.com
Country
China
ProdList
9981
Advantage
64
Chengdu HuaXia Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Tel
400-1166-196 13458535857
Fax
QQ:800101999
Email
cdhxsj@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
13359
Advantage
58
Wuxi Zhongkun Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
0510-85629785 18013409632
Fax
051085625359
Email
sales@reading-chemicals.com
Country
China
ProdList
15185
Advantage
58
Sigma-Aldrich
Tel
021-61415566 800-8193336
Email
orderCN@merckgroup.com
Country
China
ProdList
51471
Advantage
80
Shanghai Xilong Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
021-52907766-8042
Fax
021-52906523
Country
China
ProdList
9947
Advantage
58
Nanjing Peptide Biotech Ltd.
Tel
025-025-58361106-805-805 13082558573
Fax
025-58361106-806
Email
liugang@njpeptide.com
Country
China
ProdList
9962
Advantage
55
Hangzhou Peptidego Biotech Co.,Ltd.
Tel
0571-87213919
Fax
0571-87213919
Email
eric@peptidego.com
Country
China
ProdList
6527
Advantage
58
Shanghai Jizhi Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd.
Tel
400-400-400-9004166 18616739031
Email
3007523370@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
52712
Advantage
58
Hangzhou Go Top Peptide Biotech
Tel
0571-88211921
Email
sales1@gotopbio.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
2609
Advantage
58
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED
Tel
+86-0571-85134551
Fax
008657185134895
Email
info@afinechem.com
Country
China
ProdList
15396
Advantage
58

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