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TRIOXSALEN

Product Name
TRIOXSALEN
CAS No.
3902-71-4
Chemical Name
TRIOXSALEN
Synonyms
LACTONE;NSC-71047;Trioxalen;Trioxsale;Trixsalen;rioxsalen;TRIOXSALEN;TRISORALEN;Elder 8011;TRIOXSALIN
CBNumber
CB1363250
Molecular Formula
C14H12O3
Formula Weight
228.24
MOL File
3902-71-4.mol
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TRIOXSALEN Property

Melting point:
229-231 °C(lit.)
Boiling point:
310.05°C (rough estimate)
Density 
1.2196 (rough estimate)
refractive index 
1.5557 (estimate)
storage temp. 
-20°C
solubility 
DMSO: soluble
form 
powder
color 
white
Merck 
14,9735
BRN 
221723
CAS DataBase Reference
3902-71-4
IARC
3 (Vol. 40, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System
7H-Furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, 2,5,9-trimethyl- (3902-71-4)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
C
Risk Statements 
34-40
Safety Statements 
26-36/37/39-45
RIDADR 
UN 1759 8/PG 1
WGK Germany 
2
RTECS 
LV1576000
8-10
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
8
PackingGroup 
III
HS Code 
29322985
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H341Suspected of causing genetic defects

Precautionary statements

P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
T6137
Product name
Trioxsalen
Purity
≥98% (HPLC), powder
Packaging
1g
Price
$481
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PHR3257
Product name
Trioxsalen
Purity
pharmaceutical secondary standard, certified reference material
Packaging
500MG
Price
$230
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PHL80322
Product name
Trioxsalen
Purity
phyproof? Reference Substance
Packaging
50mg
Price
$262
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
T2267
Product name
Trioxsalen
Purity
>98.0%(HPLC)
Packaging
1g
Price
$37
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
T2267
Product name
Trioxsalen
Purity
>98.0%(HPLC)
Packaging
5g
Price
$107
Updated
2024/03/01
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TRIOXSALEN Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

White to slightly beige crystalline powder

Originator

Trisoralen,Elder,US,1965

Uses

melanizing agent, antipsoriatic

Uses

Trioxsalen has been used:

  • to induce small deletion mutations in worms
  • in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA)
  • to induce interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in DNA
  • for the preparation and photoactivation of trimethyl psoralen

Definition

ChEBI: 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phot therapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermi .

Indications

Trioxsalen (Trisoralen) followed by UVA exposure is used to repigment vitiliginous areas and in photochemotherapy.

Manufacturing Process

(A) Preparation of 7-Hydroxy-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: Chilled ethyl acetoacetate (157 ml, 1.20 mols) followed by 2-methyl-resorcinol (130 g, 1.04 mols) was dissolved in well-stirred concentrated sulfuric acid (600 ml) at such a rate as to keep the temperature below 10°C (ice bath). The stirred solution was allowed to warm gradually and after 3 hours was added to water (ca 8 liters) with mechanical stirring. The product was collected, washed twice with water, and dried at 70° to 80°C until the first sign of darkening. Yield 191.3 g (95.4%). Recrystallization from aqueous ethanol gave 7-hydroxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin as colorless needles, MP 260.5° to 261°C. In dilute sodium hydroxide, the compound gives a yellow solution which exhibits blue fluorescence. (B) Preparation of 7-Allyloxy-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: 7-Hydroxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin (191.3 g, 1.01 mols), anhydrous potassium carbonate (604 g, 4.37 mols), and allyl bromide (578 ml, 6.22 mols) were refluxed overnight in acetone (ca 3 liters) with mechanical stirring. The reaction mixture was concentrated nearly to dryness on a steam bath under reduced pressure, water (ca 8 liters) was added, and the product was collected by filtration. It was washed with 5% NaOH and water (ca 1.5-liter portions) and was dried in a vacuum desiccator. The dry solid was washed with petroleum ether (30° to 60°C) to remove excess allyl bromide. Removal of the petroleum ether under reduced pressure left 210.0 g (90.7% yield) of product. The 7-allyloxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin was crystallized from aqueous ethanol as colorless needles, MP 108° to 109°C.
(C) Preparation of 6-Allyl-7-Hydroxy-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: 7-Allyloxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin (195.0 g, 0.84 mol) was heated (oil bath) to 2154°C (reaction mixture temperature) for 3 hours and was then poured into absolute alcohol (ca 1.5 liters). Activated carbon (Norite) (19.5 g) was added, and the solution was heated to boiling, filtered, and diluted with excess water (ca 12 liters). The product was collected by filtration and partially dried at 70°C for 6 hours. 6-Allyl-7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin was obtained as pale yellow microcrystalline prisms, MP 166° to 168°C, by two recrystallizations from aqueous ethanol of a portion of the partially dried solid. The remaining partially dried solid was used in the next step.
(D) Preparation of 7-Acetoxy-6-Allyl-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: A solution of the partially dried 6-allyl-7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin obtained in the previous step, acetic anhydride (915 ml, 9.7 mols) and fused sodium acetate (2 g) was refluxed for 4 hours and added to water (ca 8 liters) with mechanical stirring. After excess acetic anhydride had decomposed, the 7- acetoxy-6-allyl-4,8-dimethylcoumarin was collected by filtration, dried, and recrystallized from absolute alcohol, MP 144.5° to 145.5°C. Yield 145.4 g (63.8%, based on 7-allyloxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin).
(E) Preparation of 7-Acetoxy-6-(2',3'-Dibromopropyl)-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: 7-Acetoxy-6-allyl-4,8-dimethylcoumarin (145.4 g, 0.534 mol) was dissolved in chloroform (ca 800 ml). The stirred solution was cooled in an ice bath and bromine (85.2 g, 0.534 mol) in chloroform (200 ml) was added at such a rate as to keep the temperature below 25°C. Evaporation of chloroform on the steam bath left an off-white residue of the crude dibromide. Yield 230.6 g (quantitative). 7-Acetoxy-6-(2',3'-dibromopropyl)-4,8-dimethylcoumarin was crystallized from ethanol as colorless prisms, MP 141.5° to 142.5°C. (F) Preparation of 2',4,8-Trimethylpsoralen: Crude 7-acetoxy-6-(2',3'- dibromopropyl)-4,8-dimethylcoumarin (245.7 g, 0.57 mol) was refluxed for 1 1/2 hours with a stirred solution of sodium (65.4 g, 2.85 mols) in a magnesium-dried ethanol (2.1 liters). After standing at room temperature for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was poured into a stirred mixture of ice (8,000 g) and a 3.5% HCl (8 liters). Twelve hours later, the precipitate had coagulated and was collected by filtration; it was thoroughly washed with successive 3-liter portions of 5% NaOH, water, 0.5% HCl, and water. After partial drying at 60°C for 5 hours, the crude trimethylpsoralen material was thoroughly dried in a vacuum desiccator. Yield 110.1 g (85%). Fractional crystallization, using activated carbon (Norite) (30.8 g), from mixtures of chloroform and petroleum ether (30° to 60°C) and finally from chloroform alone gave colorless prisms of 2',4,8-trimethylpsoralen, MP 234.5° to 235°C. Yield 61.8 g (48%)

brand name

Trisoralen (Valeant).

Therapeutic Function

Dermal pigmentation enhancer

Biological Activity

trioxsalen has been reported to intercalate into dna forming dna single-strand adducts and interstrand crosslinks when activated with uv light.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Photochemical crosslinker of DNA that has been used as a probe for nucleic acid structure and function. Trioxsalen has also been used to crosslink DNA onto mica surfaces.

in vitro

trioxsalen (trimethylpsoralen, trioxysalen or trisoralen) is a furanocoumarin and a psoralen derivative. it is obtained from several plants, mainly psoralea corylifolia. like other psoralens it causes photosensitization of the skin. after photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in dna, which can cause programmed cell death unless repaired by cellular mechanisms. in research it can be conjugated to dyes for confocal microscopy and used to visualize sites of dna damage [1].

in vivo

mice received 3h-trioxsalen either orally or intraperitoneally. it was found that over 88% of trioxsalen, after po or i.p. administration, was excreted in the urine within 8 hours and over 90% within 12 hours. the distribution patterns of trioxsalen radioactivity demonstrated that trioxsalen was selectively present in liver, skin, and blood and was barely detectable in other organs. the highest values were observed between 2 and 6 hours and diminished rapidly thereafter [1].

Purification Methods

Purify trioxsalen by recrystallisation from CHCl3. If too impure, it is fractionally crystallised from CHCl3/pet ether (b 30-60o) using Norit and finally crystallised from CHCl3 alone to give colourless prisms, m 234.5-235o. It is a photosensitiser so it should be stored in the dark. [UV: Kaufmann J Org Chem 26 117 1961, Baeme et al. J Chem Soc 2976 1949, Beilstein 19/4 V 472.]

References

[1] mahmoud m. a. hassan. trioxsalen. analytical profiles of drug substances volume 10, 1981, pages 705-727.

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TRIOXSALEN Suppliers

J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
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010-82848833 400-666-7788
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86-10-82849933
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jkinfo@jkchemical.com
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Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
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4006608290; 18621169109
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86-21-61259102
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3B Pharmachem (Wuhan) International Co.,Ltd.
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3bsc@sina.com
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TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd.
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021-67121386
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021-67121385
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Sales-CN@TCIchemicals.com
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Energy Chemical
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Syntechem Co.,Ltd
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Maya High Purity Chemicals
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+86 (573) 82222445 (0)18006601000 452520369
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+86 (573) 82222643
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Spectrum Chemical Manufacturing Corp.
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021-021-021-67601398-809-809-809 15221380277
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Thermo Fisher Scientific
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View Lastest Price from TRIOXSALEN manufacturers

Dideu Industries Group Limited
Product
TRIOXSALEN 3902-71-4
Price
US $1.10/g
Min. Order
1g
Purity
99.00%
Supply Ability
100 Tons Min
Release date
2021-10-29
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
Product
Trioxsalen 3902-71-4
Price
US $0.01-1.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
50 tons
Release date
2020-04-28

3902-71-4, TRIOXSALENRelated Search:


  • TRISORALEN
  • TRIOXSALEN
  • TRIOXYSALEN
  • 2',4,8-Trimethylpsoralen
  • 2,5,9-Trimethyl-7H-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one
  • 2,5,9-Trimethyl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one
  • 16-Deacetylfusidic Acid &gamma
  • 2,5,9-trimethyl-7-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranone
  • 6-Hydroxy-5-iodo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic Acid &gamma
  • 2,5,9-TRIMETHYL-FURO[3,2-G]BENZOPYRAN-7-ONE
  • 2,5,9-TRIMETHYL-FUROL[3,2-G]BENZOPYRAN-7-ONE
  • 2,5,9-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN
  • TRIOXSALEN, FOR FLUORESCENCE
  • 4,5',8-Trimethylpsoralen, 97.50%
  • TRIOXSALEN,USP
  • TRIOXSALEN (4,5,8-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN)
  • 2,5,9-Trimethylfuro[3,2-g]benzopyran-7-one, 4,5μ,8-Trimethylpsoralen, TMP, Trisoralen
  • 4,2',8-Trimethylpsoralen
  • 4,5',8-Trimethylpsoralen,97.5%
  • 4,5,8-Trimethylpsoralen ,99%
  • Trioxsalen (200 mg)
  • TMP 2,5,9-Trimethylfuro[3,2-g]benzopyran-7-one 4,5',8-Trimethylpsoralen Trisoralen
  • 6-Phospho-L-glucono-&delta
  • 1,2-Seco-ezetimibe-&delta
  • )-17-Hydroxy-3-oxo-pregna-4,6,20-triene-21-carboxylic Acid &gamma
  • 6-O-[(1,1Dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]-2,3,4-tris-O-D-gluconic Acid &delta
  • )-7-Cyano-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-pregna-4,9(11)-diene-21-carboxylic acid &gamma
  • 3,13-Dihydroxy-13,17-secoandrost-5-en-17-oic Acid &delta
  • 2,3-Dideoxy-2-methylene-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid &gamma
  • 5-O-(1-Methoxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-O-(1-methylethylidene)-D-ribonic Acid &gamma
  • 11,12-Dihydro-11-hydroxyretinoic Acid &delta
  • 17-Hydroxy-3-oxo-17&alpha
  • -pregna-4,20-diene-21-carboxylic Acid &gamma
  • Homogentisic Acid &gamma
  • N-Boc L-Serine b-Lactone ([(3S)-2-oxo-3-oxetanyl]-1,1-dimethylethyl Ester Carbamic Acid, |N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-serine &szlig
  • 4-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-6&rsquo
  • -carboxy-5&rsquo
  • -hydroxy Simvastatin &gamma
  • 2’,4,8-trimethylpsoralen
  • 2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one,2,5,9-trimethyl-7h-furo(
  • 2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one,2,5,9-trimethyl-7h-furo[
  • 4,5',8-Trimethylpsoralene
  • 5-Benzofuranacrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-beta,2,7-trimethyl-, delta-lactone
  • 6-hydroxy-beta,2,7-trimethyl-5-benzofuranacrylicacidgamma-lactone
  • 7H-Furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, 2,5,9-trimethyl-
  • Benzofuranacrylic acid,6-hydroxy-b,2,7-trimethyl-,
  • Elder 8011
  • LACTONE
  • NSC-71047
  • psoralen,4,5’,8-trimethyl-
  • Trimethylpsoralen
  • Trioxalen
  • Trioxsale
  • TRIOXSALIN
  • Trixsalen
  • 4,5',8-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN
  • 4,5,8-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN
  • rioxsalen