Valine

Valine Property

Melting point:

315° C (under decomposition).

solubility 

9% soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol and oils.

pka

pKa1 2.28,pKa2 9.54（25℃）

form 

Leafy crystals

Odor

virtually odorless

InChI

InChI=1/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/s3

InChIKey

KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UFLUHPNLNA-N

SMILES

[C@@H](N)(C(=O)O)C(C)C |&1:0,r|

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Valine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Uses

Valine works with two other high-concentration amino acids (isoleucine and leucine) to promote normal growth, repair tissues, regulate blood sugar, and provide necessary energy. In addition, valine's role includes stimulating the central nervous system, which is essential for proper mental function. During strenuous physical activity, valine can provide muscles with extra energy to produce glucose, preventing muscle weakness. It also helps remove excess nitrogen (a potential toxin) from the liver and transports the nitrogen the body needs to various parts of the body. Valine may also help treat liver and gallbladder diseases, as well as damage to these organs caused by alcoholism and drug abuse. Valine supplements may be considered for those engaged in heavy physical activity, those on low-protein diets, and bodybuilders. Although available in standalone forms, it is best taken with isoleucine and leucine. Choosing a mixed valine supplement is more convenient. However, it is important to note that excessive valine intake can lead to skin sensitivities and even hallucinations. Furthermore, too much valine in the diet can increase the amount of ammonia in the body, which can have a damaging effect on liver and kidney function.

Application

1. Maintaining Normal Nervous System Function: Amino acids, while acting as neurotransmitters, are also precursors to many other neurotransmitters. They are widely used clinically to alleviate central nervous system disorders caused by liver damage in the elderly. Infusion of branched-chain amino acids can also increase ventilation, improve sleep patterns in patients with sleep disorders, increase appetite, and regulate mood. Valine also has an inhibitory effect on neurological diseases, such as nervous system degeneration, primarily by affecting the myelin sheath covering nerves. 2. Promoting Trauma Recovery: Due to the series of changes in amino acid concentration and profile in trauma patients after stress, the suitability of the types of amino acids provided for metabolic support directly affects amino acid metabolism. Meta-analysis results show that early administration of branched-chain amino acids to trauma patients can better improve nitrogen balance, increase total protein and albumin levels, and reduce postoperative complications. 3. Protecting the Myocardium: During heart failure, the gene expression of valine and other branched-chain amino acid metabolic enzymes is inhibited, leading to defects in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. The accumulation of metabolic intermediates, branched-chain keto acids, further impairs cardiac contractile function and promotes the development of heart failure. 4. Regulating Liver Metabolism: Patients with chronic liver disease often experience various metabolic disorders. Clinical studies have shown that intravenous administration of branched-chain amino acids can improve hepatic encephalopathy with hyperammonemia caused by cirrhosis. 5. Other Applications: Improves calcium absorption and promotes bone growth; promotes brain development; promotes fat metabolism; regulates the pineal gland, mammary glands, corpus luteum, and ovaries; prevents cell degeneration; reduces or prevents the occurrence of herpes simplex infection; helps eliminate certain types of infertility; valine deficiency can reduce sensitivity, causing amenorrhea, anemia, dizziness, lightheadedness, and nausea in women.

Chemical Properties

Valine(2-amino-3-methylbutyric acid) is one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. It is an essential 8 amino acids and glucogenic amino acids for the human body. And Valine works with isoleucine and leucine to promote normal body growth, repair tissues, regulate blood sugar, and provide the required energy.

Physical properties

Valine, White crystal or crystalline powder; odorless, slightly sweet and then bitter. Soluble in water, almost insoluble in ethanol.

Definition

ChEBI: L-valine is the L-enantiomer of valine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a valine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-valinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-valinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-valine. It is a tautomer of a L-valine zwitterion.

Synthesis

Valine can be synthesized by hydrolysis of aminoisobutyronitrile which is obtained by amination and cyanation of aminoisoaldehyde. Valine can also be isolated from fish proteins.