Mandelonitrile Property

Melting point:

-10 °C

Boiling point:

170 °C(lit.)

Density 

1.117 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.530(lit.)

Flash point:

207 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

alcohol: freely soluble

form 

Liquid

pka

10.50±0.20(Predicted)

color 

Yellow to brown

Sensitive 

Moisture Sensitive

Merck 

14,5719

BRN 

2207122

Dielectric constant

17.0（23℃）

Stability:

Stable, but moisture sensitive. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

LogP

0.830 (est)

CAS DataBase Reference

532-28-5(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Benzeneacetonitrile, «alpha»-hydroxy-(532-28-5)

EPA Substance Registry System

Mandelonitrile (532-28-5)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

T

Risk Statements 

23/24/25-41

Safety Statements 

22-26-36/37/39-45-24/25

RIDADR 

UN 3276 6.1/PG 3

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

OO8400000

F 

21

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2926 90 70

HazardClass 

6.1

PackingGroup 

III

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 116 mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H318Causes serious eye damage

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Mandelonitrile Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

reddish-brown liquid. D,L-Mandelonitrile [532-28-5], benzaldehyde cyanohydrin, a-cyano-a-hydroxymethylbenzene, C6H5 – CH(OH) – CN, Mr 133.15, mp-10℃, d204 1.1165 – 1.120, is miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether, immiscible with water. Mandelonitrile occurs naturally as the bglycoside of gentiobiose (amygdalin). It decomposes on heating into benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. It is produced from benzaldehyde and alkali cyanide in the presence of mineral acid. Mandelonitrile is used as an intermediate in the production of mandelic acid.

Occurrence

Mandelonitrile, is a yellow, oily liquid, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and diethyl ether. Mandelonitrile is a component of the glycoside amygdalin, a precursor of laetrile found in the leaves and seeds on most Prunus species (plum, peach, apricot, etc). In 1832, mandelonitrile was the first cyanohydrin to be synthesized. It is commercially prepared from benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. Mandelonitrile is used by certain insects (tiger beetles, an African millipede) as a defense fluid. After expelling the fluid an enzyme catalyzes the conversion of mandelonitrile to benzaldehyde and HCN, which is usually fatal to the insect’s enemy.

Uses

Mandelonitrile has been used to extract mandeloamide by the nitrilase variants.

Definition

ChEBI: Mandelonitrile is a cyanohydrin that is phenylacetonitrile in which one of the methylene hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.

General Description

Reddish-brown to dark red-brown liquid.

Air & Water Reactions

Mandelonitrile is sensitive to moisture. . Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Nitriles, such as Mandelonitrile, may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids.

Health Hazard

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard

Mandelonitrile is combustible.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Mutation data reported. A severe eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. See also NITRILES.

Toxicology

Mandelonitrile is rather toxic with an LD50 value (rat, oral) of 116 mg/kg. This high toxicity may be due to the equilibrium of the cyanohydrin with benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.