Indium chloride Chemical Properties

Melting point:

262 °C (dec.)(lit.)

Boiling point:

300°C

Density 

3.46 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor pressure 

1Pa at 25℃

Flash point:

300°C subl.

storage temp. 

Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature

solubility 

Water (Slightly)

form 

powder

color 

White to off-white

Specific Gravity

3.46

Water Solubility 

reacts

Sensitive 

Hygroscopic

Crystal Structure

AlCl3 type

crystal system

Monoclinic

Merck 

14,4958

Space group

C2/m

Lattice constant

a/nm	b/nm	c/nm	α/o	β/o	γ/o	V/nm3
0.641	1.11	0.631	90	109.8	90	0.422

Exposure limits

ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3

Stability:

hygroscopic

InChIKey

PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K

LogP

5.9 at 22℃

CAS DataBase Reference

10025-82-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Indium trichloride(10025-82-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

Indium chloride (InCl3) (10025-82-8)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

C

Risk Statements 

36/37/38-34-29-22

Safety Statements 

26-36/37/39-45

RIDADR 

UN 3260 8/PG 2

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

NL1400000

F 

3-10

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

8

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

28273990

Hazardous Substances Data

10025-82-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

MLD s.c. in rats: 10.2 mg/kg; MLD i.v. in rabbits: 0.64 mg/kg, McCord et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 24, 243 (1942)

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:Indium chloride
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Indium chloride Usage And Synthesis

Description

Indium chloride is a useful catalyst for aqueous organic reactions including C-C bond formation, aldol reaction, Friedel-Crafts acylation, Diels-Alder reaction and reduction1-4. It is an efficient, mild, Lewis acid for organic synthesis. It is an efficient catalyst for thioacetalization and its chemoselectivity. It can also catalyze the enantioselective ring-opening of meso-aziridines with thiols. Moreover, it can act as a highly efficient catalyst in water for the preparation of furyl glycosides.

Chemical Properties

white crystalline powder
Hygroscopic. Decomposes in water to InCl3 and In. M.p. 235°C; decomposes below the m.p., apparently to InCl3 and InCl; b.p. ~570°C; d 3.65. Rhombic crystals.

Uses

Indium chloride is used as catalyst for aqueous organic reactions including C-C bond formation, aldol reactions, and reductions and for organic synthesis. In electroplating using a solution of the salt with dextrose and NaCN.

Production Methods

According to Klemm, metallic In is oxidized in InCl3 in a stream of Cl2, which has been carefully dried with concentrated H2SO4 and P2O5. A thoroughly dried quartz apparatus whose components have been fused or connected by ground joints is used. Chlorination proceeds rather vigorously at first, with a pale glow, and it proceeds through the mono- and dichloride steps. These compounds are melts. The end product of the chlorination, InCl3, sublimes around 600°C as lustrous spangles which appear on the walls of the receiver. The Indium chloride (LnCl3) may be purified by subliming in a stream of N2 (or CO2) to which some Cl2 has been added. The sublimate can cool in a stream of inert, Cl2-free gas to remove excess chlorine.

General Description

Indiumchloride (InCl₃) is an indium halide that is a Lewis acid in a variety of organic reactions.

Purification Methods

The anhydrous salt forms yellow deliquescent crystals which can be sublimed at 600o in the presence of Cl2/N2 (1:1) [does not melt]. It is resublimed in the presence of Cl2/N2 (1:10) and finally heated to 150o to expel excess Cl2. It is soluble in H2O and should be stored in a tightly closed container. [Baxter & Alter J Am Chem Soc 55 1943 1933.]

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