Emamectin benzoate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

146-150°C

alpha 

D -6.9° (c = 0.5% in methanol)

vapor pressure 

4 x 10^-7mPa

storage temp. 

Refrigerator

solubility 

Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)

form 

Solid

pka

4.2; 7.6(at 25℃)

Water Solubility 

320 mg l^-1 (pH 5), 24 mg l^-1 (pH 7), 0.1 mg l^-1 (pH 9)

color 

Pale Yellow to Light Yellow

Safety Information

Toxicity

LD50 in mallard ducks, northern bobwhite quail (mg/kg): 76, 264 orally (Chukwudebe)

Emamectin benzoate Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

White Crystalline Powder

Uses

A mixture of semi-synthetic Avermectins. Exists as the anhydrous and various hydrated forms having different crystal morphologies. Insecticide

Uses

Emamectin benzoate is a second-generation avermectin insecticide highly effective against a broad range of lepidopteran larvae and certain other insects.

Uses

Insecticide.

Metabolic pathway

In laboratory studies, emamectin benzoate is relatively stable to aqueous hydrolysis (acid, neutral and alkaline) under dark conditions. Emamectin benzoate degrades extensively in soil via microbial action to multiple degradation products including the 8a-oxidation and 8a-hydroxylation products. CO2 and soil-bound residues were the major terminal residues which are incorporated into humic and fulvic acid fractions. In plants, emamectin benzoate degrades extensively to multiple polar components including the N-demethylated, N-formylated and conjugated products. Probably due to rapid elimination in faeces, the metabolic transformation of emamectin benzoate in animals is minimal. However, N-demethylation was observed as the major metabolic pathway. The hydrolytic, photolytic and overall metabolic pathways of emamectin benzoate in soils, plants and animals are presented in Schemes 1,2 and 3.

Degradation

Emamectin benzoate (1) was relatively stable to hydrolysis in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions (pH 5, 7 and 9) at 25 °C, with less than 10% degradation occurring after 30 days. It hydrolysed most rapidly in acidic solution (pH 5) at 25 °C with a DT₅₀ of 136 days (Chukwudebe, 1992). Two polar components (each <10%) eluted close to the void volume under reversed phase chromatographic conditions.
The photodegradation half-lives of emamectin benzoate (10-12 mg 1^-1) in buffered distilled water (pH 7) containing 1% (v/v) acetonitrile, ethanol or acetone as cosolvent under continuous exposure to a xenon lamp were 65,9 and 0.5 days, respectively. In both buffered and natural pond water, the major photodegradation products included 8,9-MAB_1a (2), 8a-hydroxylated MAB_1a (3) and minor unknown polar residues (Scheme 1). In sensitised buffered water, 8a-oxo-MAB_1a (4) and 10,11-14,15-MAB_1a diepoxide (5) were found as additional residual products (Mushtaq et al., 1997).

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