Adropin Usage And Synthesis

Primary structure

The aa sequences of adropin are highly conserved among mammals and identical in humans, chimpanzees, macaques, rats, mice, and horses. Although the adropin (enho) gene is conserved in vertebrates, including chickens, alligators, stickleback, Amazon molly, platyfish, and tilapia, the sequences between mammals and nonmammals showed relatively low similarities. Additionally, two cysteine (Cys) residues in mature adropin in mammals are conserved, suggesting a disulfide bond between the two Cys residues. However, the endogenous mature structure of adropin remains unclear.

Properties

Human adropin: Mr 4499, pI 5.3. Moderately soluble in water. Human adropin dissolved in water at 10^-3M is stable for more than a year at -20°C.

Biological functions

Adropin is considered to be a fat-burning hormone with multiple functions. Adropin contributes to body weight regulation, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and cardiovascular system functions.The treatment of adropin in diet-induced obese (DIO) B6 mice improves glucose tolerance in the skeletal muscle and the liver as well as wholebody insulin sensitivity.On the other hand, adropin induces lipoprotein lipase in tilapia hepatocytes.

Clinical implications

Adropin modulates the glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetesmellitus.In addition, adropin takes part in the cardiovascular system, cancer, reproduction, and liver diseases.

Description

Adropin is a secretory hormone including 43 aa residues derived from the energy homeostasis-associated gene (Enho). Adropin is produced in the brain, liver, and other peripheral tissues.