S 38093 (0.3 and 3?mg/kg/d p.o., 28 days) significantly increases proliferation of progenitors in the DG of hippocampus in young adult mice. S 38093 (0.3?mg/kg/d) treatment significantly increases the number of DCX⁺ cells with tertiary dendrites. S 38093 (0.3, 1 and/or 3?mg/kg) significantly increases cell proliferation, survival, and maturation in the DG of hippocampus in aged mice relative to vehicle. S 38093 (3?mg/kg/d p.o., 28 days) increases cell proliferation and has a strong effect on cell survival, also increases the dendritic intersections in both genotypes (one-way ANOVA with repeated measure, p?<?0.01), with a significant effect from 50 to 80 in APPSWE^TG mice only. In aged mice, chronic administration of S 38093 (1 and/or 3?mg/kg/day p.o., 28 days) reverses this age-dependent decrease in BDNF-IX, BDNF-IV and BDNF-I transcripts. In addition, S 38093 at three tested doses (0.3, 1 and 3?mg/kg/d) increases VEGF transcripts compared to vehicle-aged group^[1]. In mice, S 38093 significantly increases ex vivo N-tele-Methylhistamine cerebral levels from 3 mg/kg p.o. and antagonized R-α-Methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia from 10 mg/kg i.p^[2].