(+)-Usniacin Chemical Properties

Melting point:

201-203 °C(lit.)

alpha 

488 º (c=0.4, CHCl3)

Boiling point:

399.43°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.2869 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.4790 (estimate)

storage temp. 

Sealed in dry,Room Temperature

solubility 

almost transparency in Chloroform

form 

powder to crystal

pka

4.00±0.40(Predicted)

color 

Light orange to Yellow to Green

optical activity

[α]25/D +488°, c = 0.7% in chloroform

Water Solubility 

Partly soluble in water. Soluble in acetone, ethanol, chloroform and furfural.

Merck 

14,9893

BRN 

96698

LogP

1.270 (est)

CAS DataBase Reference

7562-61-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22

Safety Statements 

36

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

HP5295050

F 

3-10

HazardClass 

IRRITANT

HS Code 

29329990

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich

(+)-Usniacin Usage And Synthesis

Preparation

Weigh 5.0 g of chopped Usnea longiflora into a 500 mL flask, and extract with 75 mL of ethyl acetate for 2 times, 4 h each time, and combine the extracts. Suction filtration, concentrated to 1/6~1/8 of the original volume, naturally cooled, crystallized, filtered off the mother liquor, and dried at 80°C to obtain the crude usnic acid. 30 times the amount of benzene-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent was added to the crude product, refluxed for 2 h, filtered while hot, the filtrate was concentrated to 1/5 of the original volume, and crystals were precipitated by cooling. Dry at 80 ℃, recrystallize twice with ethyl acetate, and the obtained relatively pure pale yellow needle crystal is the fine usnic acid.

Chemical Properties

Yellow crystalline powder, soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and DMSO, derived from Usnea diffracta Vain.

Uses

Usnic acid is used as fragrance; preservative in deodorants; in anti ac ne formulations; antibiotic for topical application.

Uses

Usnic Acid acts as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and are often seen used in cosmetics and facial application chemicals.

Uses

(+)-Usnic acid has been used to study the following:

• The mechanism of its antimicrobial activity in bacterial cells.
• Its ability as an antibiofilm agent against Group A Streptococci (GAS).
• Its ability as a potent anti-virulent compound against Candida albicans.
• The mechanism of its toxic effect on hepatocytes.
• Its ability to inhibit the motility of human lung cancer cells.

Definition

ChEBI: (-)-usnic acid is the (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid. It has a role as an EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of a (-)-usnic acid(2-). It is an enantiomer of a (+)-usnic acid.

General Description

(+)-Usniacin is a primary reference substance with assigned absolute purity (considering chromatographic purity, water, residual solvents, inorganic impurities). The exact value can be found on the certificate. Produced by PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG.

Biological Activity

mic: 0.05 μg/62.5 μl to 3.1 μg/62.5 μlmicroorganisms can colonize a wide variety of medical devices, putting patients at risk for systemic and local infectious complications, including local-site infections, endocarditis, and catheter-related bloodstream infections. (+)-usniacin is a secondary lichen metabolite that possesses antimicrobial activity against various planktonic gram-positive bacteria.

Contact allergens

Usnic acid is a component of lichens, also used as a topical antibiotic. Allergic contact dermatitis from lichens occurs mainly occupationally in forestry and horticultural workers, and in lichen pickers.

in vitro

(+)-usniacin showed antimicrobial activity against the same microorganisms as that of acetone extract. among the three analogues it was the most active one having quite low mic values. furthermore, (+)-usniacin did not show any activity against a. hydrophila and b. cereus whereas (d)-usnic acid did. on the other hand, (+)-usniacin was active against y. enterocolitica whereas (d)-usnic acid was not active [1].

Purification Methods

This very weak acid is the natural form which is recrystallised from Me2CO, MeOH or *C6H6. At 25o it is soluble in H2O (<0.01%), Me2CO (0.77%), EtOAc (0.88%), MeOCH2CH2OH (0.22%) and furfural (7.32%). [Curd & Robertson J Chem Soc 894 1937, Barton & Brunn J Chem Soc 603 1953, resolution: Dean et al. J Chem Soc 1250 1953, synthesis: Barton et al. J Chem Soc 538 1956, Beilstein 18/5 V 586.]

References

[1] tay t, türk ao, yilmaz m, türk h, kivanç m. evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents. z naturforsch c. 2004 may-jun;59(5-6):384-8.
[2] ghione m, parrello d, grasso l. usnic acid revisited, its activity on oral flora. chemioterapia. 1988 oct;7(5):302-5.

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