Product Identification

Product Name

1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium dichloride

Synonyms

1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-nitrobenzene
Gramoxone
Methyl viologen
Methyl viologen dichloride
Mononitromesitylene
Paraquat chloride

CAS

1910-42-5

CAS

603-71-4

Formula

C12H14N2.2Cl

Formula

C9H11NO2

Molecular Weight

257.16000000000003

Molecular Weight

165.19

EINECS

210-054-9

EINECS

217-615-7

RTECS

DW2275000

RTECS Class

Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Drug; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data; Primary Irritant

Beilstein/Gmelin

3638802

Beilstein/Gmelin

1910425

Beilstein Reference

4-05-00-01028

EC Index Number

613-090-00-7

EC Class

Very toxic; Toxic; Irritant; Dangerous for the Environment

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance

Colorless to yellow crystalline solid.

Solubility in water

10 g/100nl

Melting Point

43

Boiling Point

175

Boiling Point

255

Vapor Pressure

<0.001

Vapor Pressure

0.02 (25 C)

Density

1.176 g/cm3

Density

1.24 g/cm3 (20 C)

Partition Coefficient

3.33

Heat Of Vaporization

47.5 kJ/mol

Heat Of Combustion

-5008 kJ/mol

Usage

Herbicide.

Vapor Density

N/R

First Aid Measures

Ingestion

Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.

Ingestion

Seek medical assistance.

Inhalation

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.

Inhalation

Move victim to fresh air. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

Inhalation

Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.

Skin

Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.

Skin

Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

Skin

Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. See Inhalation.

Eyes

See Inhalation.

Eyes

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.

Eyes

Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Handling and Storage

Storage

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Do not expose to air. Store under an inert atmosphere.

Handling

Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Do not ingest or inhale. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air.

Hazards Identification

Ingestion

See Inhalation.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause a delayed damaging effect on the lung alveoli.

Skin

May cause skin irritation. Harmful if absorbed through the skin.

Eyes

Causes severe eye irritation.

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed. May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Human systemic effects include acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, cough, diarrhea, dyspnea, headache, hypermitility, nausea, vomiting, ulceration or bleeding from stomach.

Hazards

Avoid strong oxidizers.

Hazards

Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.

EC Risk Phrase

R 20/21/22

EC Safety Phrase

S 28 36/37

UN (DOT)

2811

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Personal Protection

Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.

Personal Protection

Wear appropriate protective gloves, clothing and goggles.

Respirators

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Respirators

A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.

Exposure Effects

Effects may be delayed. Chronic ingestion may cause fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects.

Exposure limit(s)

OSHA PEL: TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (resp) skin NIOSH REL: TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (resp) skin NIOSH IDLH: 1 mg/m3

Poison Class

1

Fire Fighting Measures

Flash Point

86

Fire Fighting

Extinguish using agent most appropriate for surrounding fire.

Fire Fighting

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire, use carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder or appropriate foam.

Fire Potential

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Accidental Release Measures

Small spills/leaks

Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. Place under an inert atmosphere. Cover with dry earth, dry sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading and contact with water.

Small spills/leaks

ELIMINATE all ignition sources. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Stability and Reactivity

Stability

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Incompatibilities

Strong oxidizing agents.

Decomposition

Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.

Combustion Products

During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.

Combustion Products

Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Transport Information

UN Number

2811

Hazard Class

6.1

Packing Group

I; II; III