Product Identification

Product Name

Ammonia solution

Synonyms

Ammonia, aqueous solution
Ammonium hydrate
Ammonium hydroxide
Aqua ammonia
Azanium hydroxide

CAS

1336-21-6

Formula

H5NO

Molecular Weight

35.04

EINECS

215-647-6

RTECS

BQ9625000

RTECS Class

Mutagen; Human Data; Primary Irritant

Merck

13,494

Beilstein/Gmelin

7477 (G)

EC Index Number

007-001-00-5

EC Class

Corrosive; Dangerous for the Environment

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance

Colorless to milky colored liquid, strong pungent odor of ammonia gas.

Solubility in water

Miscible

Solubility in water

Very soluble

Melting Point

-57.5

Boiling Point

36

Vapor Pressure

2160 (25 C)

Vapor Pressure

Varies

Density

0.89 g/cm3

pKa/pKb

4.74 (pKb)

Usage

Textiles, manufacture of rayon, rubber, condensation polymerization, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, photography (development of latent images), ammonia soaps, lubricants, fireproofing wood, ink mfr, ammonium compound, saponifying fats & oils, organic synth, detergent, household cleanser, food additive.

Vapor Density

<1

Saturation Concentration

148000 ppm (14.8%) (10% solution) at 20 C; 291500 ppm (29%) (19.1%) at 21.1 C; 732500 ppm (73.3%) (28.8%) at 21.1 C (calculated)

Odor threshold

34 ppm

First Aid Measures

Ingestion

Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. Causes throat constriction, vomiting, convulsions, and shock.

Inhalation

Effects may be delayed. Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma.

Inhalation

Effects may be delayed. Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. Brief exposure to 5000 ppm can be fatal.

Inhalation

Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.

Skin

Get medical aid immediately. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. Rinse area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.

Skin

Causes severe skin irritation. Causes skin burns. May cause deep, penetrating ulcers of the skin. Contact with the skin may cause staining, inflammation, and thickening of the skin.

Eyes

Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible eye damage.

Eyes

Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes).

Handling and Storage

Storage

Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Corrosives area.

Handling

Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Do not ingest or inhale. Discard contaminated shoes.

Hazards Identification

Inhalation

Effects may be delayed. Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma.

Skin

Causes severe skin irritation. Causes skin burns. May cause deep, penetrating ulcers of the skin. Contact with the skin may cause staining, inflammation, and thickening of the skin.

Eyes

Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible eye damage.

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. Causes throat constriction, vomiting, convulsions, and shock.

Hazards

Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

EC Risk Phrase

R 34 50

EC Safety Phrase

S 26 36/37/39 45 61

UN (DOT)

2073

UN (DOT)

2672

UN (DOT)

3318

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Personal Protection

Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.

Respirators

Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.

Exposure Effects

Chronic ingestion may cause effects similar to those of acute ingestion. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause corneal damage and the development of cataracts and glaucoma.

Poison Class

4

Fire Fighting Measures

Autoignition

650

Fire Fighting

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Extinguishing media: For small fires, use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or chemical foam. Do NOT get water inside containers. For large fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, or water spray. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Upper exp. limit

33.6

Lower exp. limit

15.4

Fire Potential

Slightly flammable. NH3 fumes are flammable.

Accidental Release Measures

Small spills/leaks

Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Neutralize spill with a weak acid such as vinegar or acetic acid. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Provide ventilation.

Stability and Reactivity

Incompatibilities

Acrolein, acrylic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, dimethyl sulfate, fluorine, gold + aqua regia, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, iodine, nitric acid, oleum, propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver nitrate, silver oxide, silver oxide + ethyl alcohol, nitromethane, silver permanganate, sulfuric acid, halogens. Forms explosive compounds with many heavy metals and halide salts.

Stability

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Decomposition

Nitric oxide (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) fumes.

Combustion Products

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Transport Information

UN Number

2073

UN Number

2672

UN Number

3318

Hazard Class

8

Packing Group

III

HS Code

2814 20 00