Product Identification

Product Name

Acroleic acid

Synonyms

2-Propenoic acid
Acroleic acid
Ethylenecarboxylic acid
Vinylformic acid

CAS

79-10-7

Formula

C3H4O2

Molecular Weight

72.06

EINECS

201-177-9

RTECS

AS4375000

RTECS Class

Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Primary Irritant

Merck

13,132

Beilstein/Gmelin

635743

Beilstein Reference

4-02-00-01455

EC Index Number

607-061-00-8

EC Class

Flammable; Harmful; Corrosive; Dangerous for the Environment

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance

Clear, colorless liquid with a sharp, sweet, acrid, rancid, unpleasant odor.

Solubility in water

Soluble

Melting Point

13

Boiling Point

141.6

Vapor Pressure

4

Density

1.06 g/cm3 (10 C)

pKa/pKb

4.25 (pKa)

Partition Coefficient

.35

Heat Of Vaporization

32.74 kJ/mol

Heat Of Combustion

-1368 kJ/mol

Usage

Chemical intermediate for ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, for other specialty acrylates, eg, hydroxyethyl, monomer for polyacrylic acid & salts, eg, thickeners, comonomer with acrylamide for polymers used as flocculants, with ethylene for ion exchange resin polymers, with methyl ester for polymers, eg, thickeners, for other copolymers, eg, with itatonic acid.

Vapor Density

2.5

Saturation Concentration

0.4% at 20 C (calculated)

Odor threshold

1.04 ppm

Refractive Index

1.42142 (16 C)

First Aid Measures

Ingestion

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

Inhalation

IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.

Skin

IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

Eyes

First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Handling and Storage

Storage

Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.

Handling

All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood.

Hazards Identification

Inhalation

May be destructive to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Symptoms may include burning, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomiting. May be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema.

Skin

Toxic! Corrosive! May cause irritation, inflammation, burns, and skin rashes. Absorption through the skin may cause systemic poisoning, nausea, and vomiting.

Eyes

Corrosive! Vapors may cause irritation. Splashes from dilute solutions may cause burns and serious eye damage.

Ingestion

Highly toxic! May cause pain and burning in the mouth, pharynx, and stomach, vomiting diarrhea, and fall in blood pressure. Asphyxia may occur from edema of the glottis. May be destructive to the gastro-intestinal tract. Estimated lethal dose 5 milliliters.

Hazards

Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

EC Risk Phrase

R 10 21/22 35 50

EC Safety Phrase

S 26 36/37/39 45 61

UN (DOT)

2218

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Personal Protection

Wear appropriate protective gloves, clothing and goggles.

Respirators

A full facepiece respirator with organic vapor cartridge may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator.

Exposure Effects

Was neither embryotoxic nor teratogenic in rats by inhalation. Intraperitoneal doses in pregnant rats resulted in decreased birth weight, skeletal abnormalities, and resorptions.

Exposure limit(s)

TLV (as TWA): 2 ppm; 5.9 mg/m3 A4 (skin) (ACGIH 1997). NIOSH REL: TWA 2 ppm (6 mg/m3) skin

Poison Class

2

Fire Fighting Measures

Flash Point

46

Autoignition

390

Fire Fighting

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Upper exp. limit

8

Lower exp. limit

2

Fire Potential

Flammable liquid. A fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

Accidental Release Measures

Small spills/leaks

Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.

Stability and Reactivity

Disposal Code

4

Stability

Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Hazardous Polymerization may occur if contaminated, if heated, if in low oxygen atmosphere, or if not inhibited. Light may promote polymerization once started.

Incompatibilities

Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, and oleum.

Decomposition

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may form when heated to decomposition.

Combustion Products

Toxic vapors are generated when heated May polymerize and explode

Transport Information

UN Number

2218

Hazard Class

8

Packing Group

II

HS Code

2916 11 10