Product Identification

Product Name

Nitrofurantoin

Synonyms

1-[(5-Mitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione
Balsam of fir
Berkfuran
Chemiofuran
Cyantin
Fir balsam absolute
Furadantin
Nitrofurantoin

CAS

67-20-9

CAS

8007-47-4

Formula

C8H6N4O5

Molecular Weight

238.16

EINECS

200-646-5

EINECS

232-362-2

RTECS

CP2352500

RTECS

MU2800000

RTECS Class

Other

RTECS Class

Tumorigen; Drug; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data

Merck

12,6696

Merck

13,948

Beilstein/Gmelin

NA

Beilstein/Gmelin

290482

Beilstein Reference

5-24-05-00224

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance

Odorless lemon yellow crystals or fine yellow powder. Bitter taste.

Appearance

Yellow to green liquid. A by-product of the resin, balsam is a pale yellow to clear oil, steam-distilled from the needles of the Canadian balsam.  It has a pleasing sweet, woody, balsamic scent

Solubility in water

(mg/100 ml): water

Melting Point

272

Density

0.915 g/cm3 (20 C)

Density

1.6 g/cm3

pKa/pKb

7.2 (pKa)

Partition Coefficient

-.47

Usage

Ingredient in expectorants, tonic to treat pellagra, a pain relief formula, and and expectorant.

Usage

Medication.

Refractive Index

1.52 (20 C)

First Aid Measures

Ingestion

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Ingestion

If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid.

Inhalation

IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.

Inhalation

Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.

Skin

May cause skin irritation. No information reported.

Skin

Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists.

Skin

IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

Eyes

First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Eyes

Dust may cause mechanical irritation. No information reported.

Handling and Storage

Storage

Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Handling

Wash hands before eating. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Handling

All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood.

Hazards Identification

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.

Inhalation

Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, pulmonary infiltration, hepatitis, eosinophilia, interstitial pneumonitis or fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, cholestatic jaundice, granulocytopenia, leukopenia and headache.

Skin

See inhalation.

Eyes

See inhalation

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Personal Protection

Chemical splash goggles in compliance with OSHA regulations are advised; however, OSHA regulations also permit other type safety glasses. Whre chemical resistant gloves. To prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact, wear impervious clothing and boots.

Personal Protection

Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.

Respirators

Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.

Respirators

Wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter).

Exposure Effects

with therapeutic use - peripheral neuropathies have been reported as a complication of treatment with nitrofurantoin, especially in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction.

Fire Fighting Measures

Flash Point

43

Fire Fighting

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used.

Fire Fighting

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Extinguishing media: For small fires, use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or chemical foam.

Fire Potential

This material is probably combustible.

Accidental Release Measures

Small spills/leaks

Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container.

Small spills/leaks

If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Stability and Reactivity

Stability

Sensitive to heat discolored by alkali and by exposure to light, and is decomp upon contact with metals other than stainless steel or aluminum.

Incompatibilities

Sensitive to light Incompatible with alkalis Incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids.

Stability

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Incompatibilities

Strong oxidizing agents.

Decomposition

Oxides of carbon.