Product Identification

Product Name

Ethanal

Synonyms

IMO Gas Code
1,3-Dihydro-1-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one
3-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-one
AAD
Acetic aldehyde
Acetylhydride
Aldehyde
Ethanal
Ethyl aldehyde

CAS

75-07-0

CAS

2147-83-3

Formula

C12H13N3O

Formula

C2H4O

Molecular Weight

215.25

Molecular Weight

44.05

EINECS

218-415-2

EINECS

200-836-8

RTECS

AB1925000

RTECS Class

Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data; Primary Irritant

Merck

12,37

Beilstein/Gmelin

884347

Beilstein/Gmelin

505984

Beilstein Reference

5-24-02-00386

Beilstein Reference

4-01-00-03094

EC Index Number

605-003-00-6

EC Class

Extremely flammable; Carcinogenic Category 3; Irritant

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance

Highly volatile, colorless liquid with a penetrating, pungent, suffocating odor that is somewhat fruity and quite pleasant in low concentrations.

Appearance

Light beige solid.

Solubility in water

Miscible

Melting Point

-123

Melting Point

184 - 190

Boiling Point

20.1

Boiling Point

409

Vapor Pressure

965 (25 C)

Density

0.780 g/cm3 (20 C)

pKa/pKb

13.57(at 25℃) (pKa)

Partition Coefficient

-.11

Partition Coefficient

-.16

Heat Of Vaporization

25.7 kJ/mol

Heat Of Combustion

-1169 kJ/mol

Usage

Acetaldehyde is used mainly as a chemical intermediate in the production of acetic acid. It is also used to produce many other chemicals. It is used in the manufacture of paraldehyde, metaldehyde, other polymers, plastics, synthetic rubber and resins, cosmetics, perfumes, pesticides and pharmaceuticals; in the silvering of mirrors; in leather tanning; in the hardening of gelatin fibres; as a denaturant for alcohols; in fuel compositions; in glue and casein products; as a preservative for fish and fruit; as a synthetic flavouring agent; as a food additive; in the paper industry; and as a laboratory chemical.

Saturation Concentration

Extremely high; gas at room temperature.

Vapor Density

1.52

Odor threshold

Recognition 0.21 ppm

Refractive Index

1.3316 (20 C)

First Aid Measures

Ingestion

Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.

Ingestion

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.

Inhalation

Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.

Inhalation

Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.

Inhalation

May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.

Skin

May cause skin irritation.

Skin

Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. Destroy contaminated shoes.

Skin

Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.

Eyes

May cause eye irritation.

Eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Eyes

Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes).

Handling and Storage

Storage

Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep from freezing. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Keep away from strong acids. Refrigerator/flammables. Keep away from reducing agents. Do not expose to air. After opening, purge container with nitrogen before reclosing. Periodically test for peroxide formation on long-term storage. Addition of water or appropriate reducing materials will lessen peroxide formation. Store under an inert atmosphere.

Storage

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Handling

Use only in a well ventilated area. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not ingest or inhale. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air. This product may be under pressure; cool before opening. If peroxide formation is suspected, do not open or move container. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.

Handling

Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Hazards Identification

Ingestion

May cause irritation of the digestive tract. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.

Inhalation

Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause narcotic effects in high concentration. Exposure produces central nervous system depression. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Can produce delayed pulmonary edema. Inhalation of large amounts may cause respiratory stimulation, followed by respiratory depression, convulsions and possible death due to respiratory paralysis. May cause respiratory sensitization.

Skin

May cause skin sensitization, an allergic reaction, which becomes evident upon re-exposure to this material. Causes skin irritation and possible burns.

Eyes

Lachrymator. Causes severe eye irritation and possible burns.

Ingestion

Harmful if swallowed. May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause central nervous system depression.

Hazards

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

EC Risk Phrase

R 12 36/37 40

EC Safety Phrase

S 16 33 36/37

UN (DOT)

1089

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Personal Protection

Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.

Personal Protection

Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.

Respirators

Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.

Respirators

A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.

Exposure Effects

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Prolonged or repeated eye contact may cause conjunctivitis. May cause cancer according to animal studies. May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Prolonged skin contact may cause erythema and burns.

Exposure limit(s)

OSHA PEL: TWA 200 ppm (360 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: Ca See Appendix A See Appendix C (Aldehydes) NIOSH IDLH: Potential occupational carcinogen 2000 ppm

Poison Class

4

Fire Fighting Measures

Flash Point

205

Flash Point

-38

Autoignition

140

Fire Fighting

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.

Fire Fighting

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Water runoff can cause environmental damage. Dike and collect water used to fight fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes. Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to prevent contact with thermal decomposition products. Extremely flammable liquid. Vapor may cause flash fire. Forms peroxides of unknown stability. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flame. Extinguishing media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers.

Upper exp. limit

57

Lower exp. limit

4

Fire Potential

Very flammable, combustion imminent.

Accidental Release Measures

Small spills/leaks

Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Use water spray to dilute spill to a non-flammable mixture. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Use water spray to disperse the gas/vapor. Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool. Place under an inert atmosphere.

Small spills/leaks

Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.

Stability and Reactivity

Disposal Code

7

Incompatibilities

Air, acid anhydrides, alcohols, ketones, phenols, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, halogens, phosphorus, isocyanates, stong alkalies, amines, cobalt chloride, mercury (II) chlorate, mercury (II) perchlorate, trace metals, acids, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases, strong acids.

Incompatibilities

Oxidizing agents.

Stability

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Stability

Unstable in air May undergo autopolymerization. Forms explosive peroxides on prolonged storage and exposure to air.

Decomposition

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane.

Decomposition

Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.

Combustion Products

Produces irritating vapor when heated Vapors are heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

Transport Information

UN Number

1089

Hazard Class

3.1

Packing Group

I

HS Code

2912 12 00