Product Identification

Product Name

L(+)-Dihydroxysuccinic acid

Synonyms

(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
L-(+)-Dihydrosuccinic acid
Threaric acid

CAS

87-69-4

Formula

C4H6O6

Molecular Weight

150.09

EINECS

201-766-0

RTECS

WW7875000

RTECS Class

Drug

Merck

12,9237

Beilstein/Gmelin

1725147

Beilstein Reference

4-03-00-01219

EC Class

irritant

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance

Odorless, white crystals.

Solubility in water

1377 g/L

Melting Point

168 - 170

Boiling Point

399

Vapor Pressure

5E-8 (25 C)

Density

1.759 g/cm3

pKa/pKb

3.07 (pKa)

Partition Coefficient

-1.43

Heat Of Vaporization

75.1 kJ/mol

Heat Of Combustion

-1096 kJ/mol

Usage

Substance is used in the soft drink industry, confectionery products, bakery products, gelatin desserts, as an acidulant.

Refractive Index

1.464

First Aid Measures

Ingestion

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid if irritation or symptoms occur.

Inhalation

Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear.

Skin

Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse.

Eyes

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Handling and Storage

Storage

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Handling

Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not ingest or inhale. Use with adequate ventilation.

Hazards Identification

Ingestion

Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Inhalation

Causes respiratory tract irritation.

Skin

Causes skin irritation. Low hazard for usual industrial handling.

Eyes

Causes eye irritation.

EC Risk Phrase

R 36/37/38

EC Safety Phrase

S 26 36

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Personal Protection

Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.

Respirators

A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.

Poison Class

4

Fire Fighting Measures

Flash Point

209

Autoignition

425

Fire Fighting

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.

Accidental Release Measures

Small spills/leaks

Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry, closed container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.

Stability and Reactivity

Stability

Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.

Incompatibilities

Strong oxidizing agents.

Decomposition

Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.

Transport Information

HS Code

2918 12 00