Paraquat dichloride Property

Melting point:

>300 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

403.89°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.25

vapor pressure 

0Pa at 25℃

refractive index 

1.6400 (estimate)

storage temp. 

Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature

solubility 

Methanol (Sligthly)

form 

Crystals or Crystalline Powder

color 

Beige or pink to brown

Water Solubility 

soluble

Merck 

7031

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

LogP

-4.5 at 20℃

CAS DataBase Reference

1910-42-5(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

Paraquat dichloride (1910-42-5)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

T+,N

Risk Statements 

24/25-26-36/37/38-48/25-50/53

Safety Statements 

22-28-36/37/39-45-60-61-28A

RIDADR 

UN 2811 6.1/PG 1

OEB

D

OEL

TWA: 0.1 mg/m3 (resp) [skin]

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

DW2275000

HazardClass 

6.1(a)

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

29333990

Toxicity

LD50 orally in rats: 125 mg/kg (Conning)

IDLA

1 mg/m3

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H301Toxic if swalloed

H311Toxic in contact with skin

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H330Fatal if inhaled

H335May cause respiratory irritation

H372Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P284Wear respiratory protection.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P310Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P312Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

P314Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

P320Specific treatment is urgent (see … on this label).

P321Specific treatment (see … on this label).

P322Specific measures (see …on this label).

P330Rinse mouth.

P332+P313IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P361Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.

P362Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P391Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment

P403+P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

Paraquat dichloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Paraquat dichloride is a dark blue liquid, non-combustible, stable herbicide chemical. It is incompatible with strong oxidising agents. On contact with fire paraquat decomposes gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases), nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride. Paraquat dichloride contact and storage destroys metal. Paraquat dichloride hydrolyses in alkaline media and reacts with aluminium to produce hydrogen gas. Paraquat (N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Paraquat dichloride is a herbicide currently registered to control weeds and grasses in many agricultural and non-agricultural areas. It is used preplant or preemergence on vegetables, grains, cotton, grasses, sugar cane, peanuts, potatoes, and tree plantation areas; post-emergence around fruit crops, vegetables, trees, vines, grains, soybeans, and sugar cane. It is also used on non-crop areas such as public airports, electric transformer stations, and around commercial buildings to control weeds. It has been reported that about seven pesticide products are registered which contain the active ingredient paraquat dichloride and classified as restricted use pesticides (RUPs). Paraquat dichloride and the products are primarily intended for ‘Occupational Use’. In the United States, Paraquat is classified as ‘restricted commercial use’, and people must obtain a license to use the product.

Chemical Properties

Paraquat is a yellow solid with a faint, ammonia-like odor.

Chemical Properties

off-white powder

Definition

ChEBI: Paraquat dichloride is an organic chloride salt. It has a role as a herbicide and a photosystem-I inhibitor. It contains a paraquat.

General Description

Colorless to yellow crystalline solid. Used as a contact herbicide and desiccant.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

Paraquat dichloride is stable in acidic media, but unstable in alkaline media. Paraquat dichloride is photochemically decomposed by UV irradiation in aqueous solutions and is rapidly inactivated by soil. The neat chemical may be sensitive to light. Paraquat dichloride is corrosive to metal and Paraquat dichloride can react with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. Paraquat dichloride is hydrolyzed by alkali compounds and Paraquat dichloride is inactivated by inert clays and anionic surfactants.

Health Hazard

Can cause death due to severe injury to the lungs. The lowest lethal oral dose reported in humans is 43 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

Avoid strong oxidizers.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Contact allergens

Paraquat is a quaternary ammonium compound with herbicide properties, as diquat. It is contained in Cekuquat? or Dipril?. It can cause contact and phototoxic contact dermatitis, acne, and leukoderma mainly in agricultural workers.

Safety Profile

A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, cough, diarrhea, dyspnea, headache, hyp

Potential Exposure

Those engaged in manufacture, formulation and application of this herbicide. Classified for restricted use: limited to use by a certified applicator, or those under applicator’s direct supervision.

Shipping

UN2781 Bipyridilium pesticide, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Purification Methods

Recrystallise the dichloride from MeOH/acetone mixture. It has also been recrystallised three times from absolute EtOH [Bancroft et al. Anal Chem 53 1390 1981]. Dry it at 80o in a vacuum. [Beilstein 23/8 V 30.]

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides (hydrolysis), alkylarylsulfonate wetting agents. Corrosive to metals. Decomposes in presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. Decomposes in heat (see physical properties, above) and in the presence of UV light, producing nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride.

Waste Disposal

Paraquat is rapidly inactivated in soil. It is also inactivated by anionic surfactants. Therefore an effective and environmentally safe disposal method would be to mix the product with ordinary household detergent and bury the mixture in clay soil. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.