Discovery Properties Synthesis and release Gene, mRNA, and precursor Clinical implications Receptors Biological functions
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Discovery Properties Synthesis and release Gene, mRNA, and precursor Clinical implications Receptors Biological functions
Product Name
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
CAS No.
24305-27-9
Chemical Name
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Synonyms
PROTIRELIN;PIN2;TRF;THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE;TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone);TRH;TRF1;Prem;TRBF1;TERF1
CBNumber
CB1408948
Molecular Formula
C16H22N6O4
Formula Weight
362.38
MOL File
24305-27-9.mol
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Property

Melting point:
>143°C (dec.)
alpha 
-50 (D/25℃) (c=1.5, H2O)-65.5 (D) (c=1.0, H2O)
Boiling point:
494°C (rough estimate)
Density 
1.1675 (rough estimate)
refractive index 
1.6000 (estimate)
storage temp. 
−20°C
solubility 
H2O: 10 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form 
powder
pka
13.05±0.20(Predicted)
color 
White to Off-White
PH
pH (10g/l, 25℃) : 3.0~4.0
Merck 
13,9663
BRN 
770238
Stability:
Hygroscopic
InChIKey
ITYONPBTNRIEBA-SRVKXCTJSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference
24305-27-9
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Safety

Safety Statements 
22-24/25
WGK Germany 
2
RTECS 
TW3580000
10-21
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
P1319
Product name
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Purity
≥98% (HPLC), powder
Packaging
50mg
Price
$160
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
P1319
Product name
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Purity
≥98% (HPLC), powder
Packaging
1g
Price
$1920
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
SAB4502943
Product name
Anti-Telomeric Repeat Binding Factor 1 antibody produced in rabbit
Purity
affinity isolated antibody
Packaging
100μG
Price
$485
Updated
2023/01/07
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
SAB1305990
Product name
ANTI-TRF (TERF1)(C-TERMINAL) antibody produced in rabbit
Purity
purified immunoglobulin, buffered aqueous solution
Packaging
400μL
Price
$461
Updated
2023/01/07
Alfa Aesar
Product number
J62120
Product name
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Packaging
50mg
Price
$111
Updated
2023/06/20
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Discovery

TRH was first isolated and characterized in 1969 by Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977 “for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain.”The biosynthesis of TRH from a precursor molecule was first clarified in 1984 by isolation of a preproTRH cDNA from the skin of Xenopus laevis.  The structure of the TRH receptor (TRH-R) was first deduced from a cDNA isolated from the mouse pituitary in 1990.

Properties

Mr 362. Soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol; partially insoluble in chloroform; completely insoluble in ether and pyridine. Stable in solution at <15°C for more than a year; partially (1%) degraded at 40°C for 6 months. Resistant to proteolytic enzymes. Inactivated by diazotized sulfanilic acid (Pauly reagent). Plasma half-life is 2–6min.

Synthesis and release

TRH secretion is regulated by norepinephrine, histamine, dopamine, and serotonin. Cold-induced secretion of TSH from the rat anterior pituitary involves α-adrenergic regulation of TRH secretion. TRH neurons in the PVN are negatively regulated by thyroid hormones through a feedback mechanism. Locally produced T3 is taken by these neurons to regulate transcription, posttranslational modification, and degradation of TRH.

Gene, mRNA, and precursor

TRH is synthesized from a precursor that contains multiple copies of the TRH progenitor sequence GlnHis-Pro-Gly, which is flanked by dibasic cleavage sites at its N- and C-termini. The number of progenitor sequences in a precursor is diversified: six in humans, five in rats, four in chicken, seven in frogs, and six to eight in fish. Human preproTRH gene, TRH, location 3q13.3–q21, consists of three exons.

Clinical implications

The majority of thyroid disfunction is due to primary thyroid disease. On the other hand, central thyroid disfunction is related to a disorder of the pituitary (TSH), hypothalamus (TRH), or hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation. Isolated central hypothyroidism was reported in a patient with inactivating mutations in the TRH-R gene.

Receptors

TRH-R is a seven-transmembrane-domain GPCR. Two major types of TRH-Rs (type I receptor including TRH-R1 and TRH-R3, and type II receptor [TRH-R2]), have been identified in vertebrates . Three and four subtypes of TRH-Rs have been identified in Xenopus laevis and teleost species, respectively. TRH action is mediated via a membrane receptor mainly coupled to Gq/11 protein. TRH induces the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and the activation of PKC in target cells.

Biological functions

The Trh knockout mice show normal development, but exhibit tertiary hypothyroidism and hyperglycemia due to diminished insulin secretion. The Trh knockout mice show defects in cerebellar long-term depression and a motor learning deficit.The Trhr1 knockout mice exhibit central hypothyroidism showing a decrease in serum T3, T4, and PRL levels but not in serum TSH levels. The Trhr1 knockout mice exhibit normal growth and development but displayed increased anxiety and depression levels. The Trhr2 knockout mice are euthyroid with normal serum TSH levels and exhibit normal development and growth. The mutant females exhibited moderately increased depression and reduced anxiety phenotypes.

Description

The first hypothalamic hypophysiotropic neurohormone identified, TRH consists of the tripeptide pGlu-His-ProNH2. It stimulates the secretion ofthyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH), and also functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

Chemical Properties

White or yellowish-white powder, hygroscopic.

Uses

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone is a hypothalamic hypophysiotropic neuropeptide, which has the ability to stimulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone in mammals. It is proven that Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone can be used to accelerate wound healing.

Uses

prothyrotropin

Indications

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or protirelin, consists of three amino acids. TRH (Relefact TRH) is used for tests to distinguish primary from secondary hypothyroidism.

Definition

ChEBI: Protirelin is a tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a peptide hormone and a tripeptide.

General Description

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone, encoded by the gene mapped to human chromosome 3q13.3-q21. TRH is expressed in a variety of organs including central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates production and secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. It also plays a vital role as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

Clinical Use

TRH (200–500μg) administered intravenously to normal subjects causes a rise in TSH levels within 15–30min, resulting in an increase in T3 levels within 90–150min. In primary hypothyroidism, TSH hyperresponse to TRH occurs, with a typical elevation in the basal TSH levels. In secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism, an impaired TSH response to TRH occurs, whereas in tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism normal or increased TSH response to TRH occurs. Protirelin is used to test the response of the anterior pituitary to TRH in people who may have medical conditions of thyroid function, including hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, and hypothyroidism. In addition, TRH has been used to assess the ability of the prolactin secretion in the pituitary.

Side effects

The peak TSH response to intravenous TRH occurs at 20 minutes. The mild and transient side effects, which occur only after intravenous TRH, include nausea, a flushing sensation, a desire to micturate, a peculiar taste, and tightness in the chest[1].

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Suppliers

GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd
Tel
21-61263452 13641803416
Fax
86-21-61263399
Email
ymbetter@glbiochem.com
Country
China
ProdList
9981
Advantage
64
J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
Tel
010-82848833 400-666-7788
Fax
86-10-82849933
Email
jkinfo@jkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
96815
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76
3B Pharmachem (Wuhan) International Co.,Ltd.
Tel
821-50328103-801 18930552037
Fax
86-21-50328109
Email
3bsc@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
15848
Advantage
69
Chembest Research Laboratories Limited
Tel
021-20908456
Fax
021-58180499
Email
sales@BioChemBest.com
Country
China
ProdList
6013
Advantage
61
LGM Pharma
Tel
1-(800)-881-8210
Fax
615-250-9817
Email
inquiries@lgmpharma.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2127
Advantage
70
Shanghai Hanhong Scientific Co.,Ltd.
Tel
021-54306202 13764082696;
Email
info@hanhongsci.com
Country
China
ProdList
42982
Advantage
64
Chemsky(shanghai)International Co.,Ltd.
Tel
021-50135380
Email
shchemsky@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
32344
Advantage
50
XiaoGan ShenYuan ChemPharm co,ltd
Tel
0712-0712-2580635 15527768850
Email
1791901229@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
8850
Advantage
52
Cellmano Biotech Limited
Tel
0551-65326643 18156095617
Fax
0551-65326641
Email
info@cellmano.com
Country
China
ProdList
1011
Advantage
55
ShangHai YuanYe Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
021-61312847 13636370518
Fax
021-55068248
Email
shyysw007@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
4941
Advantage
60
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View Lastest Price from Thyrotropin-releasing hormone manufacturers

hebei hongtan Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Product
Protirelin 24305-27-9
Price
US $30.00/box
Min. Order
1box
Purity
98%
Supply Ability
2000kg
Release date
2024-03-21
Shandong Hanjiang Chemical Co., Ltd
Product
Thyrotropin releasing hormone 24305-27-9
Price
US $0.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
0.99
Supply Ability
10T
Release date
2024-01-11
Dorne Chemical Technology co. LTD
Product
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone 24305-27-9
Price
US $1.00/g
Min. Order
1g
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
100kg
Release date
2024-03-26

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