Introduction Applications Mode of action Regulation Warning and Risk References
ChemicalBook > CAS DataBase List > Ractopamine

Ractopamine

Introduction Applications Mode of action Regulation Warning and Risk References
Product Name
Ractopamine
CAS No.
97825-25-7
Chemical Name
Ractopamine
Synonyms
el737;RACTOPAMINE;RACTOPAMINE 99%;ractopaMine hydrochl;Ractopamine USP/EP/BP;Ractopamine 1000 μg/mL in Acetonitrile;4-[3-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]aminobutyl]phenol;4-(1-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl)amino)ethyl)phenol;1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropylamino]ethanol;4-Hydroxy-α-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]benzenemethanol
CBNumber
CB2145989
Molecular Formula
C18H23NO3
Formula Weight
301.38
MOL File
97825-25-7.mol
More
Less

Ractopamine Property

Melting point:
165-167°C
Boiling point:
520.5±50.0 °C(Predicted)
Density 
1.189
pka
9.97±0.26(Predicted)
InChI
InChI=1/C18H23NO3.ClH/c1-13(2-3-14-4-8-16(20)9-5-14)19-12-18(22)15-6-10-17(21)11-7-15;/h4-11,13,18-22H,2-3,12H2,1H3;1H/t13-,18+;/s3
InChIKey
JHGSLSLUFMZUMK-BHZHXURPNA-N
SMILES
C1(=CC=C(O)C=C1)[C@@H](O)CN[C@H](C)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.Cl |&1:7,11,r|
CAS DataBase Reference
97825-25-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
More
Less

Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xn
Risk Statements 
20/22-43
Safety Statements 
24-26-37
Hazardous Substances Data
97825-25-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
More
Less

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

More
Less

N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Usbiological
Product number
R0439-06
Product name
Ractopamine
Packaging
500ul
Price
$393
Updated
2021/12/16
Usbiological
Product number
R0439-07
Product name
Ractopamine
Packaging
500ul
Price
$393
Updated
2021/12/16
American Custom Chemicals Corporation
Product number
API0004028
Product name
RACTOPAMINE
Purity
95.00%
Packaging
1G
Price
$872.6
Updated
2021/12/16
American Custom Chemicals Corporation
Product number
API0004028
Product name
RACTOPAMINE
Purity
95.00%
Packaging
5G
Price
$975.45
Updated
2021/12/16
DC Chemicals
Product number
DC20527
Product name
Ractopamine
Purity
>98%
Packaging
250mg
Price
$400
Updated
2021/12/16
More
Less

Ractopamine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Introduction

Ractopamine is a ß-adrenergic agonist of phenethylamine group, with structure similar to the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, and is an exogenous substance that alters the animal metabolism and distribution of nutrients favoring muscle deposition in relation to fat deposition[1,2]. Most mammals have adipose tissue with ß--receptors, which when activated by catecholamines promote lipolysis and thus reduce body fat. It has been approved for use in swine in 27 countries located in North and South America, and the Asia-Pacific regions[3].
Ractopamine [RAC] is a synthetic β-adrenergic agonist [β-agonist] approved for use in swine in 27 countries located in North and South America, and the Asia-Pacific regions[3]. Ractopamine is marketed under the trade names of Paylean [Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN] and Engain [Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI]. Ractopamine is fed to improve feed efficiency and carcass leanness with minimal effects on fresh pork quality traits[4,5]. Improvements in feed efficiency can lead to substantial reductions in natural resources used in pork production [6-8]. Sustainable swine production must balance efficient production, food safety, quality and security, environmental stewardship, and swine welfare[9].
Ractopamine [Paylean] has been approved for use in market weight swine [68 to 109 kg] by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA] in December 1999 at doses of 5 to 20 mg/kg for improved rate of gain, improved feed efficiency, and increased carcass leanness[10]. Paylean became commercially available in the summer of 2000, and producers began feeding RAC at 20 mg/kg for 42 d prior to harvest [T. Marsteller, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, personal communication]. However, Ractopamine use is banned in the European Union, Mainland China and Russia. 27 other countries, such as Japan, the United States, and South Korea have allowed its application in meat from livestock fed in a dose that is safe for human consumption[11-13].

Applications

Ractopamine, as an animal feed additive, is used to improve performance and production of livestock pork, as well as increase carcass quality. Consumers of pork benefit from the use of ractopamine indirectly by purchasing a higher quality product while the pig farmers benefit since they can increase the amount of meat produced and profit from the bonus rates paid by slaughterhouses, as well as the more efficient utilization of nutrients[4,5].

Mode of action

Ractopamine is a ß-adrenergic agonist of phenethylamine group, and is similar in structure to natural [epinephrine and norepinephrine] and synthetic [cimaterol, clenbuterol, salbutamol, and zilpaterol] β-agonists[1,2]. When β-agonists bind to β-adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue, the G protein linked signaling system is activated, which elicits a cascade of events that results in increased lean muscle content in the animal’s body. Research has confirmed that ractopamine stimulates lipolysis and reduces lipogenesis in swine adipocytes through β1 and β2 receptors when protein kinase A activates hormone sensitive lipase and inactivates acetyl CoA carboxylase[2,14]. Beta-agonists also increase carcass muscling through muscle fiber hypertrophy. Three studies have reported that ractopamine promotes a shift in muscle fiber type in market weight pigs from Type IIA [fast-twitch, oxidative, glycolytic] to larger Type IIB [fast-twitch, glycolytic] muscle fibers [15-17], and a more recent study showed that RAC [7.5 mg/kg over 28 d] increased muscle fiber IIX cross-sectional area[18]. Beta-agonists induce muscle hypertrophy by increasing the rate of protein synthesis and/or by decreasing the rate of protein degradation[2,14]. It is currently believed that β2-agonists increase the rate of protein synthesis and decrease the rate of protein degradation, while β1-agonists, like RAC, increase the rate of protein synthesis[2]. Ractopamine is more effective at improving carcass muscling than reducing carcass fat in market weight pigs, as the effects of RAC on carcass backfat varies across studies[4].

Regulation

Ractopamine is subjecting to strict regulation across the world. Its use has been banned in the European Union, Mainland China and Russia. 27 other countries, such as Japan, the United States, and South Korea have allowed its application in meat from livestock fed in a dose that is safe for human consumption. As of 2013, ractopamine use in food animals has been banned in over 160 countries[19].
Until 2015, ractopamine use as a feed additive is authorized in the United States, Canada, and Mexico[20]. In the U.S., ractopamine is subject to strictly control to be used at a feed concentration of 5–20 mg/kg feed for finishing pigs and in dosages of 5–10 mg/kg feed for finishing pigs heavier than 109 kg. The maximum residue limit for ractopamine for meat in the USA is 50 parts per billion [ppb].
In Canada, ractopamine is only allowed in meal or pellet feed for finishing barrows and gilts, confined finishing cattle, and finishing heavy turkeys[21]
Japan, which had permitted its feed additive use at least until 2009[22], and South Korea only allow import of meat with ractopamine residues up to the maximum residue limit [MRL], but do not permit its use in beef production[22].

Warning and Risk

When applying ractopamine for treatment, the following tips should be remembered[23]:
Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. Do not use in lactating dairy cattle.
When mixing and handling RACTOPAMINE 100, the worker should wear protective equipment such as protective clothing, impervious gloves, and a dust mask. Operators should wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. If accidental eye contact occurs, immediately rinse eyes thoroughly with water.
Since ractopamine is a beta-adrenergic agonist. Individuals with cardiovascular disease should exercise special caution to avoid exposure.
Keep out of reach of children. Not for use in humans.

References

  1. Mersmann, H. J. 1998. Overview of the effects of β-adrenergic receptor agonists on animal growth including mechanisms of action. J. Anim. Sci. 76:160–172. 
  2. Moody, D. E., D. L. Hancock, and D. B. Anderson. 2000. Phenethanolamine repartitioning agents. In: J. P. F. D’Mello, editor, Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition. CABI Publ., New York. p. 65–96.
  3. Elanco Animal Health. 2012. Product safety profile: Paylean for swine [USSBUPAY00008]. Greenfield, IN.
  4. Apple, J. K., P. J. Rincker, F. K. McKeith, S. N. Carr, T. A. Armstrong, and P. D. Matzat. 2007. Review: Meta-analysis of the ractopamine response in finishing swine. Prof. Anim. Sci. 23:179–196.
  5. Bohrer, B. M., J. M. Kyle, D. D. Boler, P. J. Rincker, M. J. Ritter, and S. N. Carr. 2013. Meta-analysis of the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on carcass cutability and primal yields of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:1015–1023.
  6. Reese, D., and L. L. Bitney. 2001. Economic Value of Ractopamine [Paylean] for Finishing Pigs. Nebraska Swine Reports. Paper 101.
  7. Capper, J. L. 2011. The environmental impact of beef production in the United States: 1977 compared with 2007. J. Anim. Sci. 89:4249–4261. 
  8. Woods, A. L., T. A. Armstrong, D. B. Anderson, T. E. Elam, and A. L. Sutton. 2011. Case Study: Environmental benefits of ractopamine use in United States finisher swine. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:492–499.
  9. Velarde, A., E. Fabrega, E. Blanco-Penedo, and A. Dalmau. 2015. Animal welfare towards sustainability in pork meat production. Meat Sci. 109:13–17.
  10. FDA. 1999. Freedom of information summary: Original new animal drug application NADA 140-863 ractopamine hydrochloride [Paylean].
  11. http://english.pravda.ru/business/companies/11-12-2012/123129-russia_usa_meat_imports-0/
  12. http://www.ait.org.tw/en/officialtext-ot1201.html
  13. https://web.archive.org/web/20120126130028/http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/25/10220221-dispute-over-drug-in-feed-limiting-us-meat-exports
  14. Mills, S. E. 2002. Biological basis of the ractopamine response. J. Anim. Sci. 80[E. Suppl. 2]: E28–E32.
  15. Aalhus, J. L., A. L. Schaefer, A. C. Murray, and S. D. M. Jones. 1992. The effect of ractopamine on myofibre distribution and morphology and their relation to meat quality in swine. Meat Sci. 31:397–409.
  16. Depreux, F. F. S., A. L. Grant, D. B. Anderson, and D. E. Gerrard. 2002. Paylean alters myosin heavy chain isoform content in pig muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1888–1894.
  17. Gunawan, A. M., B. T. Richert, A. P. Schinckel, A. L. Grant, and D. E. Gerrard. 2007. Ractopamine induces differential gene expression in porcine skeletal muscles. J. Anim. Sci. 85:2115–2124.
  18. Li, H., C. Gariépy, Y. Jin, M. Font i Furnols, J. Fortin, L. M. Rocha, and L. Faucitano. 2015. Effects of ractopamine administration and castration method on muscle fibre characteristics and sensory quality of the longissimus muscle in two Piétrain genotypes. Meat Sci. 102:27–34.
  19. https://www.beefmagazine.com/foreign-trade/russian-ban-ractopamine-boosts-brazilian-exports
  20. http://www.globalmeatnews.com/Industry-Markets/EU-opposes-ractopamine-limit
  21. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/animals/feeds/medicating-ingredients/mib/mib-82/eng/1331129686310/1331129741124
  22. "Description of the Ractopamine Standards in Livestock Products of Different Countries". US Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  23. https://www.drugs.com/vet/ractopamine-100-can.html

Uses

A ?Adrenergic agonist. A repartitioning agent

Definition

ChEBI: 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol is a secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group. It is a polyphenol, a secondary amino compound, a member of benzyl alcohols and a secondary alcohol.

in vivo

Ractopamine consistently increases muscle protein accretion in pigs[3].

IC 50

pig β1AR: ~25 nM (Kd); pig β2AR: ~25 nM (Kd)

Ractopamine Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

More
Less

Ractopamine Suppliers

China 38 India 5 Global 43
Guangzhou Astrazeneca Pharmaceutical Co. LTD
Tel
17074820606
Email
2921581865@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
81
Advantage
58
Changsha Tianyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
0387-13025855479 19229895729
Email
2444859399@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
41
Advantage
58
ChemStrong Scientific Co.,Ltd
Tel
0755-0755-66853366 13670046396
Fax
0755-28363542
Email
sales@chem-strong.com
Country
China
ProdList
18333
Advantage
56
Artis Biotech Co. Ltd.
Tel
028-67271278 18628360895
Fax
0575-89298961
Email
sales@artisbio.com
Country
China
ProdList
1960
Advantage
58
Amadis Chemical Company Limited
Tel
571-89925085
Fax
0086-571-89925065
Email
sales@amadischem.com
Country
China
ProdList
131957
Advantage
58
Shenzhen SUNGENING Bio-Medical Co., Ltd.
Tel
0755-0755-28967200-8062 13631290199
Fax
0755-28967200
Email
wxf@sungening.com
Country
China
ProdList
9624
Advantage
60
Conier Chem & Pharma Limited
Tel
13368167990
Email
sales@conier.com
Country
China
ProdList
185
Advantage
58
Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co., Ltd.
Tel
+8618531123677
Email
faithe@yan-xi.com
Country
China
ProdList
5853
Advantage
58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
Tel
+86-0551-65418684 +8618949823763
Fax
0086-551-65418684
Email
sales@tnjchem.com
Country
China
ProdList
25356
Advantage
58
Xi'an ZB Biotech Co.,Ltd
Tel
Email
sales03@xazbbio.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
719
Advantage
58
Career Henan Chemica Co
Tel
+86-0371-86658258 +8613203830695
Fax
0371-86658258
Email
laboratory@coreychem.com
Country
China
ProdList
30229
Advantage
58
ShangHai Anpel Co, Ltd.
Tel
18501792038 18502138905
Email
shanpel@anpel.com.cn
Country
China
ProdList
9611
Advantage
58
Changzhou Xianglong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., LTD
Tel
18661161657
Email
yaoxiangqiu2021@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
9968
Advantage
58
Shanghai Aitixi Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Tel
18721763493
Email
2493172863@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
979
Advantage
58
Tanmo Quality Inspection Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
4008-099-669
Email
23419001name@qq.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6043
Advantage
58
BePure (Beijing) Biotechnology Co.
Tel
58896805
Email
7993601name@qq.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6620
Advantage
58
Beijing Putian Tongchuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
18201332838
Email
3032079623@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
6695
Advantage
58
Chengdu Peter-like Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
028-81700200 13308200041
Email
2851167782@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
11146
Advantage
58
Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology Co Ltd
Tel
400-9019800
Email
sales@bioss.com.cn
Country
China
ProdList
6102
Advantage
58
Cell Sciences
Tel
9785721070
Email
info@cellsciences.com
Country
China
ProdList
6308
Advantage
58
Shandong Baixinchangda Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Tel
19229895729 19229895729
Country
China
ProdList
33
Advantage
58
Kebeilai Pharmaceutical Biotech Co., Ltd.
Tel
+86-18240866958
Email
wangjasmine7289@gmail.com
Country
China
ProdList
1022
Advantage
58
RongNa Biotechnology Co.,Ltd
Tel
+86-86-13583358881 +8618560316533
Email
Brad@rongnabiotech.com
Country
China
ProdList
3387
Advantage
58
XIAMEN AMITY INDUSTRY AND TRADE CO., LTD.
Tel
+8618950047208
Email
ellena@amitychem.com
Country
China
ProdList
43416
Advantage
58
PT CHEM GROUP LIMITED
Tel
+86-85511178;
Email
peter68@ptchemgroup.com
Country
China
ProdList
35425
Advantage
58
Wuhan Qiami Technology Co., Ltd
Tel
+8618062705058
Email
qiamichem@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
140
Advantage
58
Biorbyt Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@biorbyt.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6482
Advantage
58
Shanghai Hao Zhun Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@zzsrm.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6650
Advantage
58
Dongguan Runbo Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
runbobiological@163.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
5941
Advantage
58
Shanghai Yuanmu Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6412
Advantage
58
Shanghai Guduo Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6688
Advantage
58
Beijing Fubo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@f-biology.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6170
Advantage
58
Shanghai Yanmu Industrial Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
2095001174@qq.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6722
Advantage
58
Shanghai Hao Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
shxiyuanbio@163.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6906
Advantage
58
Qingdao Jieshikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
jskangchina@163.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
4980
Advantage
58
Nanjing Sanshu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@sunsurechem.com
Country
CHINA
ProdList
186
Advantage
58
Shanghai Sanhao Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
CHINA
ProdList
6776
Advantage
58
Shanghai yiji industries Co., Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
yiji01@foxmail.com
Country
China
ProdList
6021
Advantage
50
More
Less

View Lastest Price from Ractopamine manufacturers

Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co., Ltd.
Product
Ractopamine 97825-25-7
Price
US $0.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
0.99
Supply Ability
20tons
Release date
2023-09-25
Henan Tengzan Biotechnology Co. LTD
Product
ractopamine 97825-25-7
Price
US $0.00/Kg/Bag
Min. Order
1Kg/Bag
Purity
99.5+
Supply Ability
1000kg
Release date
2021-11-02

97825-25-7, RactopamineRelated Search:

Dopamine hydrochloride 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid Phenol Red Ethylparaben 2-Phenylphenol tert-Butyl ethyl ether Nonylphenol Butylated hydroxyanisole 4-tert-Butylphenol CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO III 4-Aminophenol Butylated Hydroxytoluene Phenol 3-Hydroxytyramine Ractopamine hydrochloride, Vetranal,RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE,RACTOPAMINE HCL Synephrine RACTOPAMINE-D3 HCL (2-HYDROXYETHYL-1,1,2-D3) Butopamine

  • RACTOPAMINE
  • RACTOPAMINE 99%
  • 4-Hydroxy-a-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]benzenemethanol
  • el737
  • 4-Hydroxy-α-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]benzenemethanol
  • 4-[3-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]aminobutyl]phenol
  • 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropylamino]ethanol
  • ractopaMine hydrochl
  • BenzeneMethanol,4-hydroxy-a-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-Methylpropyl]aMino]Methyl]-
  • Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-α-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]-
  • 4-(1-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl)amino)ethyl)phenol
  • Ractopamine USP/EP/BP
  • Ractopamine 1000 μg/mL in Acetonitrile
  • 97825-25-7
  • C18H22NO3
  • API
  • 11
  • Intermediates & Fine Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS