1,4-Butanediol Property

Melting point:

16 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

230 °C (lit.)

Density 

1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

3.1 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

<0.1 hPa (20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.445(lit.)

Flash point:

135 °C

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

pka

14.73±0.10(Predicted)

form 

Liquid

color 

Clear colorless

PH

7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Odor

Odorless

explosive limit

1.95-18.3%(V)

Water Solubility 

Miscible

Sensitive 

Hygroscopic

BRN 

1633445

Dielectric constant

30.0（30℃）

Stability:

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.

InChIKey

WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

-0.88 at 25℃

CAS DataBase Reference

110-63-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1,4-Butanediol(110-63-4)

EPA Substance Registry System

1,4-Butanediol (110-63-4)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-67

Safety Statements 

36-23-24/25

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

EK0525000

Autoignition Temperature

698 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

29053980

Hazardous Substances Data

110-63-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1525 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 2000 mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

1,4-Butanediol Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.the hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butanediol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates. 1.4-Butanediol (BDO) is a high-quality intermediate. BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers. Additionally BDO is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols. BASF is the most significant producer of 1,4-Butanediol and its derivatives worldwide.

Uses

1. Butanediol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
2. 1,4-Butanediol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.
3. 1,4-Butanediol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.
4. It is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
5. It is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
6. It undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
7. It acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).
8. It finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
9. 1,4-butanediol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).

Uses

butylene glycol is a solvent with good antimicrobial action. It enhances the preservative activity of parabens. Butylene glycol also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.

Uses

1,4-Butanediol is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.

Definition

ChEBI: Butane-1,4-diol is a butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). It has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug. It is a butanediol and a glycol.

Production Methods

Methods of manufacturing:
The most prevalent 1,4-BD production route worldwide is BASF's Reppe process, which reacts acetylene and formaldehyde. Acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form 1,4-butynediol, also known as but-2-yne- 1,4-diol. Hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol gives 1,4-butanediol. 1,4-BD is also made on a large industrial scale by continuous hydrogenation of the 2-butyne- 1,4-diol over modified nickel catalysts. The one-stage flow process is carried out at 80 - 160 deg C and 300 bar.
Mitsubishi uses a three-step process:
(1) the catalytic reaction of butadiene and acetic acid yields 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene;
(2) subsequent hydrogenation gives 1,4-diacetoxybutane; and
(3) hydrolysis leads to 1,4-butanediol.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 36, p. 2018, 1971 DOI: 10.1021/jo00813a043
Tetrahedron Letters, 33, p. 6371, 1992 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)60976-0

General Description

Odorless colorless liquid or solid (depending upon temperature).

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. 1,4-Butanediol is hygroscopic. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

1,4-Butanediol is heat and light sensitive. 1,4-Butanediol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents. 1,4-Butanediol is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion.

Health Hazard

The acute toxic effects are mild. 1,4-Butanediolis less toxic than its unsaturate analogs,butenediol and the butynediol. The oralLD50 value in white rats and guinea pigsis ~2 mL/kg. The toxic symptoms fromingestion may include excitement, depressionof the central nervous system, nausea, anddrowsiness.

Health Hazard

Ingestion of large amounts needed to produce any symptoms.

Fire Hazard

Nonflammable liquid, flash point (open cup) 121°C.

Safety Profile

A human poison by an unspecified route. Moderately toxic byingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects: altered sleep time. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, mist, foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Solubility in water

1,4-Butanediol is soluble in water, alcohols, esters, ketones, glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates (Butanediols, Butenediol, and Butynediol).

Purification Methods

Distil the glycol and store it over Linde type 4A molecular sieves, or crystallise it twice from anhydrous diethyl ether/acetone, and redistil it. It has been recrystallised from the melt and doubly distilled in vacuo in the presence of Na2SO4. [Beilstein 1 IV 2515.]