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o-Cresol

Product Name
o-Cresol
CAS No.
95-48-7
Chemical Name
o-Cresol
Synonyms
2-METHYLPHENOL;Orthocresol;ortho-cresol;2-Cresol;Phenol,2-methyl-;o-Creso;ORTHO CRESO;O-HYDROXYTOLUENE;2-HYDROXYTOLUENE;1-Methyl-2-hydroxybenzene
CBNumber
CB4854694
Molecular Formula
C7H8O
Formula Weight
108.14
MOL File
95-48-7.mol
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o-Cresol Property

Melting point:
29-31 °C (lit.)
Boiling point:
191 °C (lit.)
Density 
1.048 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density 
3.72 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
0.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index 
1.5361
FEMA 
3480 | O-CRESOL
Flash point:
178 °F
storage temp. 
under inert gas
solubility 
20g/l
form 
Liquid or Low Melting Solid
pka
10.2(at 25℃)
color 
white to brown
PH
4.8 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor
at 0.01 % in dipropylene glycol. musty phenolic plastic medicinal herbal leathery
Odor Type
phenolic
Odor Threshold
0.00028ppm
explosive limit
1.47%, 148°F
Water Solubility 
20 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck 
14,2579
JECFA Number
691
BRN 
506917
Henry's Law Constant
0.34 at 5.25 °C, 0.61 at 10.00 °C, 1.57 at 20.00 °C, 2.33 at 25.00 °C (dynamic equilibrium system- GC, Feigenbrugel et al., 2004a)
Exposure limits
NIOSH REL: TWA 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m3), IDLH 250 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm (22 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA for all isomers 5 ppm (adopted).
Dielectric constant
5.8(-5℃)
Stability:
Stable, but light and air sensitive. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases.
InChIKey
QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
1.95 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference
95-48-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Phenol, 2-methyl-(95-48-7)
EPA Substance Registry System
o-Cresol (95-48-7)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
T
Risk Statements 
24/25-34-39/23/24/25-23/24/25
Safety Statements 
36/37/39-45-36/37
RIDADR 
UN 3455 6.1/PG 2
OEB
B
OEL
TWA: 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m3)
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
GO6300000
8-23
Autoignition Temperature
555 °C
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
6.1
PackingGroup 
II
HS Code 
29071200
Hazardous Substances Data
95-48-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 orally in rats: 1.35 g/kg (Deichmann, Witherup)
IDLA
250 ppm
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H411Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
W348007
Product name
o-Cresol
Purity
≥99%
Packaging
1kg
Price
$135
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
W348007
Product name
o-Cresol
Purity
≥99%
Packaging
10Kg
Price
$350
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
W348007
Product name
o-Cresol
Purity
≥99%
Packaging
25kg
Price
$434
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.09692
Product name
o-Cresol
Purity
for synthesis
Packaging
100mL
Price
$47.8
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.09692
Product name
o-Cresol
Purity
for synthesis
Packaging
500mL
Price
$55.7
Updated
2024/03/01
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o-Cresol Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

colourless to light yellow liquid

Chemical Properties

Cresol is a mixture of the three isomeric cresols, o-, m-, and p-cresol. Cresols are slightly soluble in water. m-Isomer: Colorless or yellow liquid with characteristic odor.

Chemical Properties

o-Cresol has a musty, phenolic aftertaste.

Physical properties

Colorless solid or liquid with a phenolic odor; darkens on exposure to air. An odor threshold concentration of 0.28 ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Occurrence

Reported in Acacial farnesiana, ylang-ylang oil (probably as p-cresyl acetate), jasmine absolute, orange oil from leaves, the essence from flowers of Lilium candidum, anise seed oil, the essence of Artemisia santolinoflia, and some sea algae. Also reported found in asparagus, peppermint oil, cheddar cheese, provolone cheese, butter, milk, lean fish, boiled egg, smoked pork, rum, Scotch whiskey, red wine, white wine, coffee and mango.Reported found in cinnamon, coffee, Oriental tobacco, rum, sherry, tea, tomato and whiskey.

Uses

o-Cresol is used mostly as an intermediate for the production of pesticides, epoxy resins, dyes, and pharmaceuticals, but also as a component of disinfectants and cleaning agents. o-Cresol is readily biodegradable and has a low bioaccumulation or geoaccumulation potential. Antiseptics; disinfectants; solvent; insecticides; resins; flame-retardant plasticizers

Uses

Disinfectant; phenolic resins; tricresyl phosphate; ore flotation; textile scouring agent; organic intermediate; manufacturing salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides; surfactant; synthetic food flavors (para isomer only); food antioxidant; dye, perfume, plastics, and resins manufacturing.

Uses

o-Cresol is used as a disinfectant and solvent. Lysol disinfectant is a 50% (v/v) mixed-cresol isomer in a soap emulsion formed on mixing with water. Besides disinfection products at solutions of 1–5%, the cresols are used as degreasing compounds, paintbrush cleaners, and additives in lubricating oils. Cresols were previously widely used for disinfection of poultry houses, but this use was discontinued because of their toxicity; they cause respiratory problems and abdominal edema in young chicks. o-Cresol has been used in synthetic resins, explosives, petroleum, photographic, paint, and agricultural industries.

Production Methods

Approximately 60% of o-cresol is obtained from coal-tar and crude oil by using classical techniques such as distillation, stripping, and liquid–liquid extraction. The remaining 40% is obtained synthetically by the alkylation of phenol with methanol. The cresols (cresylic acids) are methyl phenols and generally appear as a mixture of isomers. o-Cresol is a 2-methyl derivative of phenol and is prepared from o-toluic acid or obtained from coal tar or petroleum. Crude cresol is obtained by distilling “gray phenic acid” at a temperature of ≈180–201°C. o-Cresol may be separated from the crude or purified mixture by repeated fractional distillation in vacuo. It can also be prepared synthetically by diazotization of the specific toluidine or by fusion of the corresponding toluenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide.

Definition

ChEBI: A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.

Aroma threshold values

Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: phenolic, medicinal, sweet spicy, smoky with a methyl salicylate nuance.

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 2.0 ppm: sweet medicinal, phenolic and tarlike.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 30, p. 5215, 1989 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)93745-1
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27, p. 816, 1979 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.27.816
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 107, p. 2571, 1985 DOI: 10.1021/ja00294a073

General Description

Colorless or yellow to brown-yellow or pinkish colored liquid with a phenol-like odor. Toxic by ingestion and/or skin absorption. May have a flash point between 100 and 199°F. Causes burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Insoluble in water.

Air & Water Reactions

Sensitive to light and air. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

o-Cresol is incompatible with oxidizing agents and bases. Mixing o-Cresol with chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid and oleum in a closed contained caused the temperature and pressure to increase.

Hazard

Questionable carcinogen.

Health Hazard

The chemical is rated as a very toxic compound with a probable oral lethal dose in humans of 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. It is a strong dermal irritant and frequently causes dermatitis. Serious or fatal poisoning may result if large areas of skin are wet with cresol, o- and the substance is not removed immediately. Ingestion of even a small amount may cause paralysis and coma. It is corrosive to body tissues, with toxicity similar to phenol.

Fire Hazard

Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Runoff from fire control water may give off poisonous gases. o-Cresol may burn but does not ignite readily. Container may explode in heat of fire. Slight explosion and fire hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition, o-Cresol emits highly toxic fumes. Reacts violently with nitric acid, oleum, and chlorosulfonic acid. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, inhalation, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. A severe eye and skin irritant. Human mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidants. To fight fire, water may be used to blanket fire; foam, fog, mist, dry chemical. See also other cresol entries and PHENOL.

Potential Exposure

Cresol is used as a disinfectant and fumigant; as an ore flotation agent, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals, dyes, plastics, and antioxidants. A mixture of isomers is generally used; the concentrations of the components are determined by the source of the cresol.

Source

Detected in distilled water-soluble fractions of 87 octane gasoline (6.61 mg/L), 94 octane gasoline (0.57 mg/L), Gasohol (1.17 mg/L), No. 2 fuel oil (2.64 mg/L), jet fuel A (0.72 mg/L), diesel fuel (1.36 mg/L), and military jet fuel JP-4 (1.51 mg/L) (Potter, 1996). o-Cresol was also detected in 82% of 65 gasoline (regular and premium) samples (62 from Switzerland, 3 from Boston, MA). At 25 °C, concentrations were from 1.1–99 mg/L in gasoline and 70–6,600 μg/L in water-soluble fractions. Average concentrations were 18 mg/L in gasoline and 1.2 mg/L in watersoluble fractions (Schmidt et al., 2002).
A high-temperature coal tar contained 2-methylphenol at an average concentration of 0.25 wt % (McNeil, 1983).
Occurs naturally in white sandlewood, sour cherries, peppermint leaves (1–10 ppb), tarragon, asparagus shoots, tea leaves, coffee beans, Japanese privet, tomatoes, licorice roots, and African palm oil (Duke, 1992).
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rates of 2-methylphenol were 89.6 mg/kg of pine burned, 47.7 mg/kg of oak burned, and 37.8 mg/kg of eucalyptus burned. The particle-phase emission rates were 0.018 mg/kg of oak burned and 0.006 mg/kg of eucalyptus burned.

Environmental Fate

Biological. Bacterial degradation of 2-methylphenol may introduce a hydroxyl group producing 3-methylcatechol (Chapman, 1972). In phenol-acclimated activated sludge, metabolites identified include 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylresorcinol, methylhydroquinone, α-ketobutyric acid, dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and trihydroxytoluene (Masunaga et al., 1986).
Chloroperoxidase, a fungal enzyme isolated from Caldariomyces fumago, reacted with 2- methylphenol forming 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol (38% yield) and 2-methyl-6-chlorophenol (Wannstedt et al., 1990).
Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.70 g/g which is 67.5% of the ThOD value of 2.72 g/g. In activated sludge inoculum, 95.0% COD removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was 54.0 mg COD/g?h (Pitter, 1976).
Soil. In laboratory microcosm experiments kept under aerobic conditions, half-lives of 5.1 and 1.6 d were reported for 2-methylphenol in an acidic clay soil (<1% organic matter) and slightly basic sandy loam soil (3.25% organic matter) (Loehr and Matthews, 1992).
Surface Water. In river water, the half-life of 2-methylphenol was 2 and 4 d at 20 and 4 °C, respectively (Ludzack and Ettinger, 1960).
Groundwater. Nielsen et al. (1996) studied the degradation of 2-methylphenol in a shallow, glaciofluvial, unconfined sandy aquifer in Jutland, Denmark. As part of the in situ microcosm study, a cylinder that was open at the bottom and screened at the top was installed through a cased borehole approximately 5 m below grade. Five liters of water was aerated with atmospheric air to ensure aerobic conditions were maintained. Groundwater was analyzed weekly for approximately 3 months to determine 2-methylphenol concentrations with time. The experimentally determined first-order biodegradation rate constant and corresponding half-life were 0.2/d and 3.5 d, respectively. Groundwater contaminated with phenol and other phenols degraded in a methanogenic aquifer to methane and carbon dioxide. These results could not be duplicated in the laboratory utilizing an anaerobic digester (Godsy et al., 1983).
Photolytic. Sunlight irradiation of 2-methylphenol and nitrogen oxides in air yielded the following gas-phase products: acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, pyruvic acid, peroxyacetyl nitrate, nitrocresols, and trace levels of nitric acid and methyl nitrate. Particulate phase products were also identified and these include 2-hydroxy-3-nitrotoluene, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrotoluene, 2-hydroxy-3,5- dinitrotoluene, and tentatively identified nitrocresol isomers (Grosjean, 1984). Absorbs UV light at a maximum wavelength of 270 nm (Dohnal and Fenclová, 1995).
Chemical/Physical. Ozonation of an aqueous solution containing 2-methylphenol (200 to 600 mg/L) yielded formic, acetic, propionic, glyoxylic, oxalic, and salicylic acids (Wang, 1990). In a different experiment, however, an aqueous solution containing 2-methylphenol (1 mM) reacted with ozone (11.7 mg/min) forming 2-methylmuconic acid and hydrogen peroxide as end products. The proposed pathway of degradation involved electrophilic aromatic substitution by the first ozone molecule followed by a 1,3-dipolar addition of the second ozone molecule to the cleaved ring (Beltran et al., 1990).

Shipping

UN2076 Cresols, liquid, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material. UN3455 Cresols, solid, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1- Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

It can be freed from m-and p-isomers by repeated fractional distillation, It crystallises from *benzene by addition of pet ether. It has been fractionallly crystallised by partial freezing of its melt. The 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (prepared with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dry pyridine, and recrystallised from EtOH or aqueous Me2CO) has m 138o. [Beilstein 6 IV 1940.]

Incompatibilities

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong acids; oxidizers, alkalies, aliphatic amines; amides, chlorosulfonic acid; oleum. Decomposes on heating, producing strong acids and bases, causing fire and explosion hazard. Liquid attacks some plastics and rubber. Attacks many metals.

Waste Disposal

Wastewaters may be subjected to biological treatment. Concentrations may be further reduced by ozone treatment. High concentration wastes may be destroyed in special waste incinerators.

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o-Cresol Suppliers

Matrix Fine Chemicals GmbH
Tel
--
Fax
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Email
nfo@matrix-fine-chemicals.com
Country
Switzerland
ProdList
6968
Advantage
58
SIGMA-RBI
Tel
--
Fax
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Country
Switzerland
ProdList
6896
Advantage
91
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View Lastest Price from o-Cresol manufacturers

Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Product
o-Cresol 95-48-7
Price
US $1.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
10 mt
Release date
2024-11-22
Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co., Ltd.
Product
o-Cresol 95-48-7
Price
US $55.00-16.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
0.99
Supply Ability
30 tons
Release date
2023-09-12
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD
Product
O-Cresol 95-48-7
Price
US $5.00-2.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
10000kg
Release date
2024-08-19

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